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| List of Maps | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Preface | |
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| Time Line | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sources: How We Know About the Ancient Greeks | |
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| Retrieving the Past: The Material Record | |
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| Retrieving the Past: The Written Record | |
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| A Synoposis of Written Sources by Periods | |
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| The Physical Context: The Land of Greece | |
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| Early Greece and the Bronze Age | |
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| Greece in the Stone Ages | |
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| Greece in the Early and Middle Bronze Ages (c. 3000-1600 bc) | |
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| Greece and the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1600-1150 bc) | |
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| The "Dark Age" of Greece and the Eighth-Century "Renaissance" (c. 1200-700 bc) | |
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| Decline and Recovery (c. 1200-900 bc) | |
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| Revival (c. 900-750 bc) | |
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| Homeric Society | |
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| The End of the Dark Age | |
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| Archaic Greece (c. 700-480 bc) | |
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| The Formation of the City-State (Polis) | |
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| Government in the Early City-States | |
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| The Colonizing Movement | |
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| Economic and Social Divisions in the Archaic Poleis | |
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| Hesiod: A View from Below | |
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| The Hoplite Army | |
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| The Archaic Age Tyrants | |
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| The Arts and Sciences | |
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| Panhellenic Institutions | |
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| Relations Among States | |
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| Sparta | |
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| The Dark Age and the Archaic Period | |
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| The Spartan System | |
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| Demography and the Spartan Economy | |
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| Spartan Government | |
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| The Peloponnesian League | |
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| Historical Change in Sparta | |
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| The Spartan Mirage | |
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| The Growth of Athens and the Persian Wars | |
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| Athens from the Bronze Age to the Early Archaic Age | |
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| The Reforms of Solon | |
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| Peisistratus and His Sons | |
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| The Reforms of Cleisthenes | |
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| The Rise of Persia | |
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| The Wars Between Greece and Persia | |
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| The Rivalries of the Greek City-States and the Growth of Athenian Democracy | |
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| The Aftermath of the Persian Wars and the Foundation of a New League | |
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| New Developments in Athens and Sparta | |
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| The "First" (Undeclared) Peloponnesian War (460-445 bc) | |
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| Pericles and the Growth of Athenian Democracy | |
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| Literature and Art | |
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| Oikos and Polis | |
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| The Greek Economy | |
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| Greek Life and Culture in the Fifth Century | |
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| Greece After the Thirty Years' Peace | |
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| The Physical Space of the Polis: Athens in the Fifth Century | |
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| Intellectual Life in Fifth-Century Greece | |
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| Historical and Dramatic Literature of the Fifth Century | |
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| Currents in Greek Thought and Education | |
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| The Breakdown of the Peace | |
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| Resources for War | |
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| The Peloponnesian War | |
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| The Archidamian War (431-421 bc) | |
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| The Rise of Comedy | |
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| Between Peace and War | |
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| The Invasion of Sicily (415-413 bc) | |
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| The War in the Aegean and the Oligarchic Coup at Athens (413-411 bc) | |
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| The Last Years of War (407-404 bc) | |
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| The Fourth Century: Changing Ideas, Continuing Warfare | |
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| Oligarchy at Athens: The Thirty Tyrants | |
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| The Trial of Socrates (399 bc) | |
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| The Fourth Century: Changing Ideas, Continuing Warfare | |
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| Law and Democracy in Athens | |
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| The Fourth-Century Polis | |
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| Philosophy and the Polis | |
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| Phillip II and the Rise of Macedon | |
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| Early Macedon | |
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| Macedonian Society and Kingship | |
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| The Reign of Philip II | |
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| Philip's Plans for Greece | |
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| Alexander the Great | |
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| Consolidating Power | |
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| From Issus to Egypt: Conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean (332-331 bc) | |
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| From Alexandria to Persepolis: The King of Asia (331-330 bc) | |
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| The High Road to India: Alexander in Central AsiaIndia and the End of the Dream | |
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| Return to the West | |
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| The Achievements of Alexander | |
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| The New World of the Hellenistic Period | |
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| The Struggle for the Succession | |
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| The Regency of Perdiccas | |
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| The Primacy of Antigonus the One-Eyed | |
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| Birth Pangs of the New Order (301-276 bc) | |
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| The Polis in the Hellenistic World | |
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| The Macedonian Kingdoms | |
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| Hellenistic Society | |
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| Alexandria and Hellenistic Culture | |
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| Social Relations in the Hellenistic World | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Art and Illustration Credits | |
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| Index | |