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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Essential Skills and Information | |
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| What Every Student Should Know About Drawing Sighting and the Use of a Sighting Stick | |
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| Why Use Sighting? | |
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| Guidelines for Sighting | |
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| Applications of Sighting | |
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| Transferring Sighting Observations to a Drawing Surface | |
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| The Technique of Scaling to Determine Accurate Size Relationships | |
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| Establishing Scale Successfully | |
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| The Process of Scaling | |
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| General Guidelines for Scaling | |
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| The Principles of Composition | |
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| Theory Versus Application | |
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| Review of Some Simple Definitions | |
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| Visual Principles of Composition | |
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| Variable Compositional Elements to Consider | |
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| Using a Viewfinder | |
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| What Does It Do for You? | |
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| General Guidelines Concerning Composition | |
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| Thumbnail Studies as a Method for Exploring Composition | |
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| The Golden SectionWhat Is the Golden Section? | |
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| Constructing a Golden Rectangle | |
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| The Fibonacci Series | |
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| The Illusion of Space and Depth on a Two-Dimensional Surface | |
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| Methods for Indicating Space and Depth | |
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| Different Kinds of Space | |
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| The Volumetric and Spatial Effects of Color | |
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| Line Variation and Sensitivity | |
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| Working from General to Specific | |
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| The Medium and Surface | |
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| What Is Meant by Sensitive Line? | |
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| Achieving Line Variation and Line Sensitivity | |
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| Different Kinds and Functions of Line | |
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| Working with Value Structure | |
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| A General-to-Specific Approach to Building Value Structure | |
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| Using Value to Establish an Effect or a Mood | |
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| Value and Texture | |
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| Four Things to Look for When Identifying Value Structure on a Form | |
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| Various Methods for Applying Value | |
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| Exercises for Promoting a General-to-Specific Approach | |
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| Controlling Some Variables of Value Structure | |
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| Creating an Effective Still Life | |
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| What Kind of Objects Should Be Included? | |
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| Additional Considerations for Still Lifes | |
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| The Meaning of Still-Life Objects | |
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| Using Photographic References | |
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| Essential Drawing Principles in Relation to the Human Figure | |
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| The Human Figure | |
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| Why Study the Human Figure? | |
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| Classroom Etiquette When Drawing from a Model | |
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| The Process of Sighting in Relation to the Human Form | |
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| Comparative Proportions in the Male and Female Figure | |
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| Gesture Drawing or Rapid Contour DrawingSeeing Is the Key | |
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| Using Axis Lines | |
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| Keeping It Simple | |
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| Setting the Pace | |
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| Working from the Inside Out | |
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| Enhancing the Illusion of Volume and Space in the Human FormLine Variation in Figure Drawing | |
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| Scaling Techniques in Figure Drawing | |
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| A General-to-Specific Approach to Form and Value in Figure Drawing | |
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| An Introduction to Portraiture | |
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| Common Errors | |
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| General Guidelines for Locating Facial Features and Other Landmarks | |
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| The Features and Other Significant Aspects of Portraiture | |
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| An Alternative Viewpoint in Portraiture | |
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| Mapping the Figure in SpaceDrawing the Figure in an Observed Environment | |
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| Using Straight-Line Construction | |
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| Creating Visual Paths of Movement | |
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| The Figure and AnatomyArtistic Anatomy Versus Medical Anatomy | |
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| Anatomy Reveals Itself | |
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| Major Bones of the Human Skeletal Structure | |
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| Bony and Other Landmarks in the Figure | |
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| Superficial Muscles of the Human Figure | |
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| Anatomical Terminology | |
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| Spatial Thinking and Visualization | |
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| The Essential Principles ofPerspective Drawing | |
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| An Introduction to PerspectiveWhat Is Perspective? | |
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| Different Types of Perspective | |
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| Basic Principles of Linear Perspective | |
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| Perspective and Sighting | |
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| Limitations of Linear Perspective | |
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| Recommended Sequencing for Maximum Comprehension | |
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| Suggestions for Effective Perspective Drawing | |
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| Perspective Materials List | |
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| The Terminology of Perspective | |
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| Primary Working Terminology | |
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| Related Terminology | |
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| Additional Useful Terminology | |
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| Perspective and CubesConstructing a Cube in One-Point Perspective | |
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| Constructing a Cube in Two-Point Perspective Based on Estimation of | |
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| Cube Depth in Relation to Cube Height | |
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| Estimating Cube Depth in Two-Point Perspective | |
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| Using Perspective Grids | |
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| Constructing a Gridded Ground Plane in One-Point Perspective | |
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| Constructing a Gridded Ground Plane in Two-Point Perspective | |
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| Increasing Complexity in the Perspective Environment | |
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| Multiple or Sliding Vanishing Points | |
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| Cube Multiplication | |