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| Each chapter ends with Glossary Terms, Chapter Review, Study Questions and Projects, and Suggested Readings sections | |
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| Introduction: What is Philosophy? | |
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| The Task of Philosophy | |
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| The Meanings of Philosophy | |
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| Why We Need Philosophy | |
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| Traditional Branches of Philosophy | |
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| Philosophical Methodology--Socratic Dialectic | |
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| The Uses of Philosophy | |
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| Values and Education | |
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| Philosophy Today | |
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| Reflections | |
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| The Nature of Human Nature | |
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| Human Nature: What Is It? | |
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| Metaphysics and Human Nature | |
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| Is There a Human Nature? | |
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| How Humans Differ from the Rest of Nature | |
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| Images of Human Nature | |
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| Reflections | |
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| The Self | |
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| The Nature of the Self | |
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| Denials of the Existence of a Self | |
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| Consciousness | |
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| Reflections | |
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| The Mind | |
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| The Nature of the Mind | |
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| Difficulties of Studying the Mind | |
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| Theories of the Mind | |
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| The Mind-Body Relationship | |
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| Parapsychology | |
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| Reflections | |
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| The Freedom to Choose | |
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| The Philosophical Meaning of Freedom | |
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| The Denial of Freedom | |
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| Indeterminism | |
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| Self-Determination | |
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| Reflections | |
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| The Realm of Values | |
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| The Meaning of Values | |
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| Value Judgments | |
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| Facts and Values | |
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| How Values Are Justified | |
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| Values and the Aesthetic Experience | |
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| The Selection of Values | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Ethics and Morality | |
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| Moral Judgments | |
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| The Moral Situation | |
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| Ethics: The Study of Morality | |
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| A Variety of Ethical Standards--Normative Ethics | |
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| Approaches to Ethical Standards | |
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| Contemporary Principles | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Individual and Social Morality | |
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| A Contemporary Challenge | |
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| Civil Liberties | |
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| Civil Disobedience | |
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| The Limits of Liberty | |
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| The Enforcement of Morals | |
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| Contemporary Moral Issues | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Knowledge and Science | |
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| The Sources of Knowledge | |
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| Central Questions in the Theory of Knowledge | |
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| Tradition and Common Sense | |
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| Obstacles to Clear Thinking | |
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| The Possible Sources of Knowledge | |
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| Reflections | |
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| The Nature and Tests of Knowledge | |
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| Basic Issues in the Nature of Knowledge | |
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| Subjectivism | |
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| Objectivism | |
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| The Nature of Knowledge: Further Considerations | |
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| The Tests of Knowledge | |
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| Three Tests of Truth | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Science and Philosophy | |
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| The Development of Science | |
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| Philosophy of Science: Basic Issues | |
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| Scientific Methods | |
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| The Nature and Role of Models and Paradigms | |
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| A Method of Acquiring Knowledge | |
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| Limitations of Scientific Methods | |
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| Philosophy and Science: Agreements and Contrasts | |
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| Scientfic Views of the Universe | |
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| The Origin and Nature of Life | |
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| Human Beings and Evolution | |
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| Reflections | |
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| PartFour: Philosophical Perspectives | |
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| Naturalism | |
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| Naturalism Defined | |
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| Mechanistic Materialism | |
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| Dialectical Materialism | |
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| Humanistic Naturalism | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Idealism and Realism | |
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| Contrasting Philosophical Movements | |
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| Idealism Defined | |
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| Types of Idealism | |
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| Implications of Idealism | |
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| Realism Defined | |
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| Types of Realism | |
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| Implications of Realism | |
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| Evaluation of Idealism | |
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| Evaluation of Realism | |
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| Pragmatism | |
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| Pragmatism Defined | |
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| Charles S. Peirce | |
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| William James | |
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| John Dewey | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Analytic Philosophy | |
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| Language and Philosophy | |
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| Locke, Hume, and the Traditional Outlook | |
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| The Empirical Tradition | |
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| Analytic Philosophy and Questions of Knowledge | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Existentialism, Phenomenology, and Process Philosophy | |
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| Some Characteristics of Existentialism | |
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| Some Existentialist Thinkers | |
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| Some Characteristics of Phenomenology | |
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| Some Phenomenological Thinkers | |
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| Some Characteristics of Process Philosophy | |
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| Two Process Philosophers | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Religion: East and West | |
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| The Nature of Religion | |
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| What Is Religion? | |
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| The Nature of Religion | |
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| The Origin and Growth of Religion | |
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| Myth in Sacred Literature | |
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| Religious Experience | |
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| Three Universal Religions: Judaism, Christianity, Islam | |
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| Current Religious Issues | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Belief in God | |
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| The Nature of God | |
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| Grounds for Belief in God | |
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| Grounds for Disbelief in God | |
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| Personal Survival after Death | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Asian Thought | |
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| The Nature of Asian Religion | |
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| The Hindu Tradition | |
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| The Buddhist Quest for Enlightenment | |
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| Confucius and Lao-zi | |
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| Mao Ze-dong | |
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| The Value System of the Japanese | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Concluding Reflection | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Picture Credits | |
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| Index | |