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Preface | |
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Light | |
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The Nature of Light | |
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Electromagnetic Radiation | |
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Phase | |
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The Perception of Color | |
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Interaction of Light and Matter | |
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Transmitted Light | |
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Velocity | |
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Index of Refraction | |
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Reflection | |
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Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection | |
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Optical Class | |
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Dispersion | |
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Light Absorption and Color | |
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Polarized Light | |
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Polarization by Double Refraction | |
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Polarization by Reflection | |
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Polarization by Scattering | |
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The Petrographic Microscope | |
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Direction Conventions | |
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Samples | |
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Illuminator | |
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Substage Assemby | |
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Microscope Stage | |
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Objective Lenses | |
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Vertical Illuminator | |
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Upper Polarizer | |
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Bertrand Lens | |
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Ocular Mechanism | |
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Focusing Mechanism | |
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Accessories | |
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Additional Equipment | |
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General Care of the Microscope | |
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Adjustment of the Microscope | |
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General Considerations | |
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Adjusting the Oculars | |
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Focusing | |
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Adjusting the Illuminator | |
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Adjusting the Substage | |
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Alignment of the Polarizers | |
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General Considerations | |
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Refractometry | |
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Relief | |
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Becke Line Method | |
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Dispersion Effects | |
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Oblique Illumination Method | |
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Practical Considerations | |
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Accuracy of the Immersion Method | |
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Determining Indices of Refraction in Thin Section | |
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Optics of Isotropic Materials | |
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Isotropic Indicatrix | |
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Distinguishing Between Isotropic and Anisotropic Minerals | |
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Identification of Isotropic Materials | |
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Grain Mount | |
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Thin Section | |
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Optics of Anisotropic Minerals: Introduction | |
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Interference Phenomena | |
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Monochromatic Illumination | |
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Retardation | |
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Birefringence | |
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Interference of the Two Rays | |
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Polychromatic Illumination | |
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Orders of Interference Colors | |
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Anomalous Interference Colors | |
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Determining Thickness of a Sample | |
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Thin Section | |
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Grain Mount | |
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Determining Birefringence from the Color Chart | |
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Thin Section | |
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Grain Mount | |
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Recognizing the Different Orders of Interference Colors | |
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Extinction | |
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Categories of Extinction | |
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Use of the Accessory Plates | |
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Sign of Elongation | |
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Relief | |
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Pleochroism | |
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Uniaxial Optics | |
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Optic Sign | |
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Crystallographic Considerations | |
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Uniaxial Indicatrix | |
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Use of the Indicatrix | |
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Birefringence and Interference Colors | |
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Extinction | |
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Textragonal Minerals | |
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Hexagonal Minerals | |
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Rhombohedral Cleavage | |
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Prismatic and Pinacoidal Cleavage | |
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Pleochroism | |
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Interference Figure | |
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Optic Axis Interference Figure | |
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Formation of Isochromes | |
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Formation of Isogyres | |
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Determining Optic Sign | |
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Off-Center Optic Axis Figures | |
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Flash Figure | |
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Selecting Grains to Give Interference Figures | |
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Optic Axis Figure | |
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Flash Figure | |
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Determining Indices of Refraction | |
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Grain Mount | |
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Determining nw | |
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Determining ne | |
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Thin Section | |
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Spindle Stage | |
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Biaxial Optics | |
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Biaxial Indicatrix | |
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Mathematical Relationships | |
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Use of the Indicatrix | |
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Normal Incidence Parallel to an Indicatrix Axis | |
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Normal Incidence Parallel to an Optic Axis | |
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Normal Incidence in a Random Direction | |
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Inclined Incidence | |
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Crystallographic Orientation of Indicatrix Axes | |
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Orthorhombic Minerals | |
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Monoclinic Minerals | |
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Triclinic Minerals | |
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Biaxial Interference Figure | |
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Acute Bisectrix Figure | |
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Formation of Isochromes | |
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Vibration Directions and Formation of Isogyres | |
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Centered Optic Axis Figure | |
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Obtuse Bisectrix Figure | |
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Optic Normal Figure | |
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Off-Center Figure | |
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Determining Optic Sign | |
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Acute Bisectrix Figure | |
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Obtuse Bisectrix Figure | |
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Optic Axis Figure | |
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Flash Figure | |
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Determining 2V | |
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2V Versus 2E | |
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Mallard''s Method | |
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Tobi''s Method | |
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Kamb''s Method | |
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Wright Method | |
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Selecting Grains to Produce Interference Figures | |
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Pleochroism | |
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Extinction | |
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Orthorhombic Minerals | |
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Monoclinic Minerals | |
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Triclinic Minerals | |
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Sign of Elongations | |
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Indicies of Refractio | |