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Contributors | |
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Introduction: Penal Policies at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century | |
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The Importance of Penal Policy | |
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The Determinants of Penal Policy | |
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The Transferability of Penal Policy | |
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The Spread of Innovation | |
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Penal Developments in America | |
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The Punitiveness Story | |
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The Sentencing Story | |
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The Fragmntation Story | |
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The United States | |
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U.S. Sentencing Systems Fragmenting | |
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The Status of Sentencing Guideline Reforms in the United States | |
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Political Preoccupation with Crime Leads, Not Follows, Public Opinion | |
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The Penal System as Labor Market Institution: Jobs and Jails, 1980-1995 | |
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Why are U.S. Incarceration Rates So High? | |
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Early State Guidelines Systems | |
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Washington State Sentencing Changes, 1994-1997 | |
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Ohio Guidelines Take Effect | |
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Pennsylvania Revises Sentencing Guidelines | |
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North Carolina Prepares for Guidelines Sentencing | |
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Sentencing Changes in North Carolina | |
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Flexibility in North Carolina Structured Sentencing, 1995-1997 | |
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Penal Developments in Europe and Japan | |
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Incarceration Rates across the World, Andre Kuhn | |
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Penal Sanctions and the Use of Imprisonment in Denmark | |
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Sentencing Law, Policy, and Patterns in Sweden, Nils | |
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Norway Prison Use Up Slightly, Community Penalties Lots | |
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Sentencing and Punishment in Finland | |
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Recent Trends in Finnish Sentencing Policy | |
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Germany | |
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Sentencing and Punishment in Germany | |
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France | |
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French Prison Numbers Stable since 1988, but Populations Changing | |
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Netherlands | |
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Sentencing and Punishment in the Netherlands | |
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Prison Population Growing Faster in the Netherlands than in the United States | |
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The Netherlands Adopts Numerical Prosecution Guidelines | |
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New Sanctions Proliferating in the Netherlands | |
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Dutch | |
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Penal Policies Changing Direction | |
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Switzerland | |
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Sentencing in Switzerland in 2000 | |
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Japan | |
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Prison Population in Japan Stable for 30 Years | |
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Penal Developments in English-Speaking Countries | |
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Australia | |
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Sentencing and Punishment in Australia in the 1990s | |
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Prison Populations Up, Sentencing Policy Harsher in Australia | |
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Understanding Rising Prison Populations in Australia | |
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Canada | |
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Reforming Sentencing and Parole in Canada | |
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Imprisonment Rates in Canada: One Law, 10 Outcomes | |
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England/Wales | |
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New Sentencing Laws Take Effect in England | |
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English Penal Policies and Prisons: Going for Broke, Rod Morgan | |
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English Believe Sentences Soft and Crime Rising | |
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Imprisonment in England and Wales: Flood Tide, but on the Turn? | |
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English Sentencing: From Enlightenment to Darkness in a Decade | |
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Ireland | |
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Sentencing and Punishment in Ireland | |
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References | |
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Acknowledgm | |