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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Positivist Model of Scientific Theories and Its Problems | |
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| Logic, Language, and the Observational/Theoretical Distinction | |
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| The Rise of Logical Positivism | |
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| The Positivist Model of Scientific Theories | |
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| Problems with the Observational/Theoretical Distinction | |
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| Theoretical Entities | |
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| A Defense of the Observational/Theoretical Distinction | |
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| Technical Interlude: A Critique of Operationalism | |
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| The Underdetermination of Theory and Holism | |
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| Physical Theory and Experiment | |
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| Falsification | |
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| Holism | |
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| Two Dogmas of Empiricism | |
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| Holism | |
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| Posits and Reality | |
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| Technical Interlude: A Critique of Underdetermination | |
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| Reductionism, Antireductionism, and Scientific Explanation | |
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| A Model of Intertheoretic Reduction | |
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| Unity of Science | |
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| A Critique of Physiological Reductionism | |
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| Technical Interlude: Jaegwon Kim, The Nature of Supervenience | |
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| Carl G. Hempel and Paul Oppenheim, The Deductive-Nomological Model of Scientific Explanation | |
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| Philip Kitcher, The Unification Model of Scientific Explanation | |
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| Technical Interlude: Paul Humphreys, The Aleatory Model of Scientific Explanation | |
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| Historicism and Its Aftermath | |
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| The Kuhnian Model of Science | |
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| The Nature of Normal Science | |
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| The Nature of Revolutionary Science | |
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| The Rationality of Science After Kuhn | |
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| Polemical Interlude: An Argument Against Method | |
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| Social Constructivism and Feminism | |
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| The Strong Programme in the Sociology of Science | |
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| A Social Constructivist Field Study | |
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| A Critique of Social Constructivism | |
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| Polemical Interlude: The Sokal Hoax | |
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| Feminist Science Criticism | |
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| Problems with Feminist Epistemology | |
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| Polemical Interlude: A Critique of Feminist Science Criticism | |
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| Realism and Antirealism | |
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| Realism in Mathematics and Elsewhere | |
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| Alternatives to Realism | |
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| Realism and Scientific Progress | |
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| Realism, Antirealism, and NOA | |
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| Polemical Interlude: Idealism and Antirealism | |
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