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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| The Ecological Approach to Cognition | |
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| Primates and their Lives | |
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| Plan of the Book | |
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| Knowledge of the Physical World | |
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| Space and Objects | |
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| Cognitive Mapping | |
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| Searching for Hidden Objects | |
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| Tracking Invisible Displacements | |
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| Other Forms of Spatial Understanding | |
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| What Primates Know About Space and Objects | |
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| Tools and Causality | |
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| Object Manipulation | |
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| Tool Use | |
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| Causal Understanding | |
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| What Primates Know About Tools and Causality | |
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| Features and Categories | |
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| Discrimination Learning | |
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| Natural Categories | |
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| Relational Categories | |
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| Classification | |
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| What Primates Know About Features and Categories | |
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| Quantities | |
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| Estimating Numerousness | |
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| Ordinality and Transitivity | |
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| Counting, Summation, and Proportions | |
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| Conservation of Quantities | |
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| What Primates Know About Quantities | |
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| Theories of Primate Physical Cognition | |
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| Summary of Primate Physical Cognition | |
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| Theories of Proximate Mechanism | |
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| Theories of Ultimate Causation | |
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| Directions for Future Research | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Knowledge of the Social World | |
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| Social Knowledge and Interaction | |
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| The Social Field | |
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| Coalitions and Alliances | |
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| Reciprocity and Interchange | |
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| Cooperative Problem-Solving | |
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| What Primates Know About Others in Social Interaction | |
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| Social Strategies and Communication | |
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| Social Strategies: Deception | |
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| Intentional Communication: Gestures | |
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| Intentional Communication: Vocalizations | |
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| Communication with Humans | |
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| What Primates Know About Others in Communication | |
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| Social Learning and Culture | |
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| Behavioral Traditions in the Wild | |
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| Social Learning of Instrumental Activities | |
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| Social Learning of Communicative Signals and Gestures | |
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| Teaching | |
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| What Primates Know About Others in Social Learning | |
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| Theory of Mind | |
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| Understanding Behavior and Perception | |
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| Understanding Intentions and Attention | |
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| Understanding Knowledge and Beliefs | |
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| Understanding Self | |
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| What Primates Know About Other' Mental States | |
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| Theories of Primate Social Cognition | |
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| Summary of Primate Social Cognition | |
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| Theories of Proximate Mechanism | |
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| Theories of Ultimate Causation | |
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| Directions for Future Research | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| A Theory of Primate Cognition | |
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| Nonhuman Primate Cognition | |
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| Uniquely Primate Cognition | |
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| Issies of Proximate Mechanism | |
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| Issues of Ultimate Causation | |
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| The Structure of Primate Cognition | |
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| Human Cognition | |
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| Human Cognitive Development | |
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| Ontogenetic Processes | |
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| Phylogenetic Processes | |
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| The Structure of Human Cognition | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Theory | |
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| Research | |
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| The Preservation of Primates | |