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| Acknowledgments | |
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| To the Student: An Introduction to Theory into Practice | |
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| Works Analyzed in the Text | |
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| The Relationship of Reading and Writing | |
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| Reading and Writing in College | |
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| Engaging the Text | |
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| Adding Marginal Notations | |
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| Keeping a Reading Log | |
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| Using Heuristics | |
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| Shaping a Response | |
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| Determining a Purpose | |
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| Answering Essay Questions | |
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| Writing Research Papers | |
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| Knowing Your Audience | |
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| Choosing a Voice | |
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| Helping the Process | |
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| Collaboration | |
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| Reference Materials | |
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| Summing Up | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| General Information Sites | |
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| Literary Criticism Sites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Familiar Approaches | |
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| Conventional Ways of Reading Literature | |
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| A Social Perspective | |
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| The Effects of Genre | |
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| Conventional Ways of Writing about Literature | |
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| Explication | |
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| Analysis | |
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| Comparison and Contrast | |
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| Study of a Single Author's Works | |
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| Summing Up | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| Model Student Analyses | |
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| "A Look at the Background of Kate Chopin's 'Desiree's Baby': A Biographical Study," | |
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| "Good versus Evil in Kate Chopin's 'Desiree's Baby': A Comparative Study," | |
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| Formalism | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Reading as a Formalist | |
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| Form | |
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| Diction | |
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| Unity | |
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| What Doesn't Appear in Formalist Criticism | |
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| Paraphrase | |
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| Intention | |
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| Biography | |
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| Affect | |
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| Writing a Formalist Analysis | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Drafting and Revising | |
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| The Introduction | |
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| The Body | |
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| The Conclusion | |
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| Glossary of Terms Useful in Formalist Criticism | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Model Student Analysis | |
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| "Robinson's 'Richard Cory': A Formalistic Interpretation," | |
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| Psychological Criticism | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Practicing Psychological Criticism | |
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| Freudian Principles | |
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| The Unconscious | |
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| The Tripartite Psyche | |
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| The Significance of Sexuality | |
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| The Importance of Dreams | |
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| Symbols | |
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| Creativity | |
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| Summing Up | |
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| Carl Jung and Mythological Criticism | |
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| Characters | |
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| Images | |
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| Situations | |
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| Northrup Frye and Mythological Criticism | |
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| Jacques Lacan: An Update on Freud | |
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| Writing Psychological Criticism | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Drafting and Revising | |
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| The Introduction | |
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| The Body | |
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| The Conclusion | |
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| Glossary of Terms Useful in Psychological Criticism | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Model Student Analyses | |
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| "Psychological Complexity in Sherwood Anderson's 'The Egg': A Freudian Analysis," | |
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| "Water, Sun, Moon, Stars, Heroic Spirit, in Tennyson's 'Ulysses': A Mythological Analysis," | |
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| Marxist Criticism | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Reading from a Marxist Perspective | |
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| Economic Power | |
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| Materialism versus Spirituality | |
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| Class Conflict | |
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| Art, Literature, and Ideologies | |
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| Writing a Marxist Analysis | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Drafting and Revising | |
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| The Introduction | |
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| The Body | |
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| The Conclusion | |
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| Glossary of Terms Useful in Marxist Criticism | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Model Student Analysis | |
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| "Marxist Criticism of Frank Norris's 'A Deal in Wheat,'" | |
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| Feminist Criticism | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Reading as a Feminist | |
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| Studies of Difference | |
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| Studies of Power | |
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| Studies of the Female Experience | |
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| Writing Feminist Criticism | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Drafting and Revising | |
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| The Introduction | |
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| The Body | |
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| The Conclusion | |
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| Glossary of Terms Useful in Feminist Criticism | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Model Student Analysis | |
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| "The Masculine Sex-Parasite in Edith Wharton's 'The Other Two,'" | |
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| Reader-Response Criticism | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Making a Reader's Response | |
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| Getting Started | |
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| Interacting with the Text | |
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| The Power of the Text | |
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| The Reader as Producer of the Text | |
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| The Reader and the Text as Coproducers | |
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| Period Responses, The Receptionists | |
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| Writing a Reader-Response Analysis | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Drafting and Revising | |
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| The Introduction | |
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| The Body | |
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| The Conclusion | |
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| Glossary of Terms Useful in Reader-Response Criticism | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Model Student Analysis | |
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| "Eudora Welty's Portrayal of the American Nightmare: A Formalist Analysis of 'Death of a Traveling Salesman,'" | |
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| Deconstruction | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Practicing Deconstruction | |
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| Making a Deconstructive Analysis | |
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| Writing a Deconstructive Analysis | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Drafting and Revising | |
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| The Introduction | |
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| The Body | |
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| The Conclusion | |
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| Glossary of Terms Useful in Understanding Deconstruction | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Model Student Analysis | |
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| "Who Wants a Doughnut without a Hole? Deconstructive Criticism and the Failure of Meaning in Bobbie Ann Mason's 'Shiloh,'" | |
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| Cultural Studies: New Historicism | |
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| An Overview of Cultural Studies | |
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| Assumptions, Principles, and Goals of New Historicism | |
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| Traditional Historicism | |
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| New Historicism | |
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| New Literary Historicism | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Reading as a New Historicist | |
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| The World of the Author and the Text | |
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| Discourses in the Text | |
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| Intentions and Reception | |
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| Writing a New Historicist Literary Analysis | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Drafting and Revising | |
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| The Introduction | |
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| The Body | |
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| The Conclusion | |
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| Glossary of Terms Useful in New Historicist Criticism | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Model Student Analysis | |
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| "Clothes as Power in Elizabethan England: A New Historicist Criticism of John Donne's 'To His Mistress Going to Bed,'" | |
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| More Cultural Studies: Postcolonialism and Multiculturalism | |
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| Postcolonialism | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Basic Assumptions | |
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| Reading as a Postcolonialist | |
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| Presentation of Colonialism | |
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| Treatment of Characters | |
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| Validity of the Narrative | |
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| Expressions of Nativism (Nationalism) | |
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| Recurring Subjects and Themes | |
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| Context | |
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| Minor Characters | |
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| Political Statement and Innuendo | |
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| Similarities | |
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| Glossary of Terms Useful in Postcolonial Studies | |
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| American Multiculturalism | |
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| African-American Literature | |
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| Reading as a Multiculturalist | |
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| Narrative Forms | |
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| Diction | |
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| Style | |
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| Writing a Cultural Studies Analysis | |
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| Recommended Web Sites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Model Student Analyses | |
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| "Representations of Cultural Others in Angela Carter's 'The Tiger's Bride,'" | |
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| "Writing and Staging the White Man's Blues: An Analysis of James Baldwin's Blues for Mister Charlie," | |
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| Literary Selections | |
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| "Barn Burning" | |
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| "Araby" | |
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| "Young Goodman Brown" | |
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| "The Diamond Necklace" | |
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| Letters of Abigail and John Adams | |
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| "The Masque of the Red Death" | |
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| "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" | |
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| "The Sky Is Gray" | |
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| excerpt from The Road from Coorain | |
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| excerpt from The Eatonville Anthology | |
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| Information at a Glance | |
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| Purposes and Assumptions | |
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| Strategies, Strengths, and Weaknesses | |
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| Index | |