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| Preface | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| About the Author | |
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| The Poljcy-Making Process | |
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| Ecosystem Interdependence | |
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| The Steady State | |
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| Common Pool Resources | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| Changing Cultural and Social Beliefs: From Conservation to Environmentalism | |
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| Dominant Social Paradigm | |
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| Economics and Growth | |
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| The Role of Religion | |
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| Science and Technology: Our Views of Nature | |
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| Toward Better Science Policy | |
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| History of the Environmental Movement | |
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| Dominance | |
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| Early Awakening | |
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| Early Conservationist | |
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| Later Conservationist | |
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| The Reawakening | |
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| Complacency | |
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| The Little Reagan Revolution | |
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| Post-Reagan Resurgence | |
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| Interest Groups | |
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| Public Opinion and the Environment | |
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| Demographics | |
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| Elections | |
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| Environmental Discourse | |
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| Survivalism | |
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| Prometheans | |
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| Administrative Rationalism | |
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| Democratic Pragmatism | |
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| Economic Rationalism | |
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| Sustainable Development | |
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| Ecological Modernization | |
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| Green Romanticism | |
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| Green Rationalism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Regulatory Environment | |
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| The Regulatory Context | |
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| Science and Risk Analysis | |
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| Unanticipated Consequences | |
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| Cost-Benefit Analysis | |
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| The Role of Government | |
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| Approaches to Regulation | |
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| Fundamentals of Environmental Law | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Political and Institutional Setting | |
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| The Institutional Setting | |
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| Formal Institutions | |
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| Informal Institutions | |
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| Institutional Biases | |
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| Incrementalism | |
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| Decentralization | |
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| Short-Term Bias | |
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| Ideological Bias | |
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| Private Nature of Public Policy Making | |
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| Crisis and Reforms | |
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| The Political Setting | |
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| Pluralism | |
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| The Regulators | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| Environmental Policy | |
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| Air | |
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| Sources | |
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| Health Effects | |
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| Motor Vehicles | |
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| Air Pollution: Law, Regulations, and Enforcement | |
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| Regulatory Innovations | |
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| Regulatory Issues | |
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| Toxic Air Pollution | |
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| Acid Rain | |
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| Stratospheric Ozone | |
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| The Greenhouse Effect (Global Warming) | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| Water | |
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| Sources | |
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| Nonpoint Sources of Pollution | |
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| Groundwater Pollution | |
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| Health Effects of Water Pollution | |
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| Water Law and Regulation | |
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| Clean Water Act | |
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| The CWA and Nonpoint Pollution Sources | |
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| The CWA and the Regulatory Environment | |
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| Safe Drinking Water Act | |
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| Criticisms of Water Pollution Policy | |
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| The Paradox in Water Pollution Policy | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| Energy | |
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| History of Energy | |
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| Industrial Revolution | |
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| Oil and War | |
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| Role of Personal Consumption | |
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| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the Oil Crises | |
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| Development of Nuclear Power | |
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| Development of a National Energy Policy | |
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| Nonrenewable Energy Sources | |
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| Coal | |
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| Oil | |
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| Natural Gas | |
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| Geothermal Energy | |
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| Nuclear Power | |
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| Renewable Energy | |
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| Hydropower | |
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| Solar Power | |
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| Wind Power | |
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| Biomass | |
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| Conservation and Energy Efficiency: Some Suggestions for the Future | |
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| Conservation in Homes and Buildings | |
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| Conservation in Transportation | |
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| Conservation in Industry | |
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| Obstacles to Conservation | |
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| An Ecological Conclusion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| Toxic and Hazardous Waste | |
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| Solid Waste | |
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| What Is Solid Waste? | |
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| Scope of the Problem | |
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| Disposal Methods | |
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| Regulations | |
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| Solutions | |
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| Hazardous Wastes | |
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| Nature of the Problem | |
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| Disposal Methods | |
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| Federal Regulations | |
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| Regulatory Problems | |
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| The Policy Paradox in Hazardous Waste Management | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| Land Management Issues | |
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| Local Land-Use Planning | |
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| Types of Land-Use Planning | |
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| Urban Planning | |
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| Smart Growth | |
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| Soil Erosion | |
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| Farmland Conversion | |
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| Desertification | |
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| Federal Land Management | |
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| Multiple-Use | |
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| Recreation | |
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| Fee Demonstration Project | |
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| Commercial Recreation Permits and Concessions | |
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| Fire Management | |
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| Roadless Areas | |
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| Wilderness | |
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| History | |
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| Proposed Wilderness and Wilderness Study Areas | |
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| National Park Service Management | |
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| Endangered Species | |
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| Ecosystem Management | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| International Environmental Issues | |
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| Population and Food Production | |
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| Desertification and Food Production | |
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| Global Pollution | |
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| The Ozone Layer | |
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| The Greenhouse | |
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| Deforestation | |
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| Ocean Pollution | |
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| Less Developed Countries: North Vs. South | |
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| International Conflict | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| International Environmental Management | |
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| International Environmentalism | |
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| Alternative Political Systems | |
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| Market-Based Economies | |
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| Collective Ownership Systems | |
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| Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union | |
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| China | |
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| International Environmental Management | |
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| Common Pool Resources | |
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| Creation of an IGO | |
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| Economic Globalization and the Second Industrial Revolution | |
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| International Regulatory Efforts | |
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| Controlling Oceanic Pollution | |
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| Atmospheric Conventions | |
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| Hazardous Waste Control at the International Level | |
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| Protection of Endangered and Threatened Species | |
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| Trends in the International Regulatory Process | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| How We Study Public Policy-Theoretical Approaches | |
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| The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as Amended | |
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| Index | |