| |
| |
| |
| Planet Earth: Acting and Interacting | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Changing Planet: Earth as a System | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Earth: The Question of Scale | |
| |
| |
| Geologic Time: An Important Perspective | |
| |
| |
| A Process Approach to Physical Geology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Earth Systems and Connections: Can Plate Tectonics Cause Ice Ages? | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Matter of Perspective: Big and Small Numbers | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Philosophy of Science | |
| |
| |
| |
| Earth: Origin and Composition | |
| |
| |
| The Composition of the Universe | |
| |
| |
| The Building Blocks of the Universe | |
| |
| |
| Our Solar System | |
| |
| |
| The Planet Earth | |
| |
| |
| The Future of Earth and Our Solar System | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Chemistry Refresher: Atoms and Molecules | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Doppler Shift: Evidence for the Expanding Universe and Other Solar Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Impacts and Their Effects on Earth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Planetary Density | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Moon | |
| |
| |
| |
| Composition and Time | |
| |
| |
| |
| Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks | |
| |
| |
| What Is a Mineral? Crystals | |
| |
| |
| Mineral Properties | |
| |
| |
| Mineral Groups | |
| |
| |
| Distribution of Elements and Minerals in Earth | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Chemistry Refresher: Atoms and the Periodic Table | |
| |
| |
| |
| Determining Crystal Structures and Compositions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mineral Stability and Phase Diagrams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thin Sections | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cornerstones of Geology: Rocks! | |
| |
| |
| Igneous Rocks | |
| |
| |
| Sedimentary Rocks | |
| |
| |
| Metamorphic Rocks | |
| |
| |
| The Rock Cycle | |
| |
| |
| |
| Simulating Earths' Interior | |
| |
| |
| |
| Crystallization of Lava: The Hawaiian Lava Lake | |
| |
| |
| |
| Determining Metamorphic Pressures and Temperatures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Getting Information from Rocks: Observation and Interpretation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Earth Processes: Physical Principles | |
| |
| |
| Seismic Waves | |
| |
| |
| Velocity Variations within Earth | |
| |
| |
| Gravity and Isostasy | |
| |
| |
| Geomagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Velocities of Seismic Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Isostasy: Controls on Surface Elevation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Magnetic Fields in Space | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Perspective of Geologic Time | |
| |
| |
| The Age of Earth | |
| |
| |
| Dating the Geologic Record | |
| |
| |
| Radioactive Dating | |
| |
| |
| |
| Meteorite Impacts and Mass Extinctions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dating Rocks, Minerals, and Other Materials Using Isotopes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Carbon Dating and Its Uses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Earth Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plate Tectonics | |
| |
| |
| Continental Drift: The Beginnings of the Idea | |
| |
| |
| Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory | |
| |
| |
| The Rock Record: Fossils, Climate, and Continents | |
| |
| |
| Plates and Plate Boundaries | |
| |
| |
| A Plate-Tectonic Link to Earthquakes and Volcanoes | |
| |
| |
| Topography of the Lithosphere | |
| |
| |
| What Drives Plate Motions? | |
| |
| |
| Plumes, Subducted Slabs, and the Workings of Place Tectonics | |
| |
| |
| Plate Motions through Geologic Time | |
| |
| |
| Ocean Basin Depths and Satellite Altimetry | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Nature of the Low-Velocity Zone | |
| |
| |
| |
| The San Andreas Fault, California | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hawaii: An Example of Intraplate Magmatism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vector Notation for Plate Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Deformation, Earthquakes, and Formation of Geologic Structures | |
| |
| |
| Crustal Deformation | |
| |
| |
| Geologic Structures | |
| |
| |
| Earthquakes | |
| |
| |
| Plate Motions and Earthquakes | |
| |
| |
| Intraplate Deformation | |
| |
| |
| The Volcano Deformation Cycle | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculation of Moment Magnitude | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prediction of the Haicheng Earthquake of 1975 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Loma Prieta Earthquake | |
| |
| |
| Volcanic Deformation in Hawaii | |
| |
| |
| |
| Making and Breaking Plates | |
| |
| |
| Rifts: Windows to the Mantle | |
| |
| |
| Oceanic Rifting. T | |