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| C++ Basics | |
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| Introduction to C++ | |
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| Origins of the C++ Language | |
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| C++ and Object-Oriented Programming | |
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| The Character of C++ | |
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| C++ Terminology | |
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| A Sample C++ Program | |
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| Variables, Expressions, and Assignment Statements | |
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| Identifiers | |
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| Variables | |
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| Assignment Statements | |
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| Pitfall: Uninitialized Variables | |
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| Tip: Use Meaningful Names | |
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| More Assignment Statements | |
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| Assignment Compatibility | |
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| Literals | |
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| Escape Sequences | |
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| Naming Constants | |
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| Arithmetic Operators and Expressions | |
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| Integer and Floating-Point Division | |
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| Pitfall: Division with Whole Numbers | |
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| Type Casting | |
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| Increment and Decrement Operators | |
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| Pitfall: Order of Evaluation | |
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| Console Input/Output | |
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| Output Using cout | |
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| New Lines in Output | |
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| Tip: End Each Program with \n or endl | |
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| Formatting for Numbers with a Decimal Point | |
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| Output with cerr | |
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| Input Using cin | |
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| Tip: Line Breaks in I/O | |
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| Program Style | |
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| Comments | |
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| Libraries and Namespaces | |
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| Libraries and include Directives | |
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| Namespaces | |
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| Pitfall: Problems with Library Names | |
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| Chapter Summary: | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Flow of Control | |
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| Boolean Expressions | |
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| Building Boolean Expressions | |
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| Pitfall: Strings of Inequalities | |
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| Evaluating Boolean Expressions | |
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| Precedence Rules | |
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| Pitfall: Integer Values Can Be Used as Boolean Values | |
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| Branching Mechanisms | |
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| if-else Statements | |
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| Compound Statements | |
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| Pitfall: Using = in Place of == | |
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| Omitting the else | |
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| Nested Statements | |
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| Multiway if-else Statement | |
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| The switch Statement | |
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| Pitfall: Forgetting a break in a switch Statement | |
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| Tip: Use switch Statements for Menus | |
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| Enumeration Types | |
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| The Conditional Operator | |
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| Loops | |
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| The while and do-while Statements | |
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| Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited | |
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| The Comma Operator | |
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| The for Statement | |
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| Tip: Repeat-N-Times Loops | |
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| Pitfall: Extra Semicolon in a for Statement | |
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| Pitfall: Infinite Loops | |
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| The break and continue Statements | |
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| Nested Loops | |
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| Introduction to File Input | |
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| Reading From a Text File Using ifstream | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Function Basics | |
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| Predefined Functions | |
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| Predefined Functions That Return a Value | |
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| Predefined void Functions | |
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| A Random Number Generator | |
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| Programmer-Defined Functions | |
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| Defining Functions That Return a Value | |
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| Alternate Form for Function Declarations | |
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| Pitfall: Arguments in the Wrong Order | |
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| Pitfall: Use of the Terms Parameter and Argument | |
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| Functions Calling Functions | |
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| Example: A Rounding Function | |
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| Functions That Return a Boolean Value | |
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| Defining void Functions | |
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| return Statements in void Functions | |
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| Preconditions and Postconditions | |
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| main Is a Function | |
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| Recursive Functions | |
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| Scope Rules | |
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| Local Variables | |
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| Procedural Abstraction | |
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| Global Constants and Global Variables | |
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| Blocks | |
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| Nested Scopes | |
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| Tip: Use Function Calls in Branching and Loop Statements | |
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| Variables Declared in a for Loop | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Parameters and Overloading | |
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| Parameters | |
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| Call-by-Value Parameters | |
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| A First Look at Call-by-Reference Parameters | |
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| Call-by-Reference Mechanism in Detail | |
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| Constant Reference Parameters | |
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| Example: the swapValues Function | |
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| Tip: Think of Actions, Not Code | |
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| Mixed Parameter Lists | |
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| Tip: What Kind of Parameter to Use | |
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| Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables | |
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| Tip: Choosing Formal Parameter Names | |
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| Example: Buying Pizza | |
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| Overloading and Default Arguments | |
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| Introduction to Overloading | |
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| Pitfall: Automatic Type Conversion and Overloading | |
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| Rules for Resolving Overloading | |
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| Example: Revised Pizza-Buying Program | |
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| Default Arguments | |
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| Testing and Debugging Functions | |
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| The assert Macro | |
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| Stubs and Drivers | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Arrays | |
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| Introduction to Arrays | |
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| Declaring and Referencing Arrays | |
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| Tip: Use for Loops with Arrays | |
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| Pitfall: Array Indexes Always Start with Zero | |
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| Tip: Use a Defined Constant for the Size of an Array | |
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| Arrays in Memory | |
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| Pitfall: Array Index Out of Range | |
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| Initializing Arrays | |
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| Arrays in Functions | |
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| Indexed Variables as Function Arguments | |
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| Entire Arrays as Function Arguments | |
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| The const Parameter Modifier | |
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| Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const Parameters | |
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| Functions That Return an Array | |
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| Example: Production Graph | |
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| Programming with Arrays | |
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| Partially Filled Arrays | |
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| Tip: Do Not Skimp on Formal Parameters | |
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| Example: Searching an Array | |
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| Example: Sorting an Array | |
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| Multidimensional Arrays | |
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| Multidimensional Array Basics | |
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| Multidimensional Array Parameters | |
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| Example: Two-Dimensional Grading Program | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming projects | |
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| Structures and Classes | |
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| Structures | |
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| Structure Types | |
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| Pitfall: Forgetting a Semicolon in a Structure Definition | |
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| Structures as Function Arguments | |
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| Tip: Use Hierarchical Structures | |
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| Initializing Structures | |
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| Classes | |
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| Defining Classes and Member Functions | |
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| Encapsulation | |
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| Public and Private Members | |
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| Accessor and Mutator Functions | |
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| Tip: Separate Interface and Implementation | |
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| Tip: A Test for Encapsulation | |
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| Structures versus Classes | |
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| Tip: Thinking Objects | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Tesr Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Constructors and Other Tools | |
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| Constructors | |
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| Constructor Definitions | |
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| Pitfall: Constructors with No Arguments | |
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| Explicit Constructor Calls | |
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| Tip: Always Include a Default Constructor | |
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| Example: BankAccount Class | |
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| Class Type Member Variables | |
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| More Tools | |
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| The const Parameter Modifier | |
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| Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const | |
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| Inline Functions | |
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| Static Members | |
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| Nested and Local Class Definitions | |
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| Vectors A Preview of the Standard Template Library | |
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| Vector Basics | |
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| Pitfall: Using Square Brackets beyond the Vector Size | |
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| Tip: Vector Assignment Is Well Behaved | |
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| Efficiency Issues | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Operator Overloading, Friends, and References | |
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| Basic Operator Overloading | |
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| Overloading Basics | |
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| Tip: A Constructor Can Return an Object | |
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| Returning by const Value | |
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| Tip: Returning Member Variables of a Class Type | |
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| Overloading Unary Operators | |
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| Overloading as Member Functions | |
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| Tip: A Class Has Access to All Its Objects | |
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| Overloading Function Application ( ) | |
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| Pitfall: Overloading &&,, and the Comma Operator | |
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| Friend Functions and Automatic Type Conversion | |
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| Constructors for Automatic Type Conversion | |
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| Pitfall: Member Operators and Automatic Type Conversion | |
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| Friend Functions | |
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| Friend Classes | |
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| Pitfall: Compilers without Friends | |
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| References and More Overloaded Operators | |
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| References | |
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| Pitfall: Returning a Reference to Certain Member Variables | |
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| Overloading >> and << | |
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| Tip: What Mode of Returned Value to Use | |
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| The Assignment Operator | |
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| Overloading the Increment and Decrement Operators | |
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| Overloading the Array Operator [ ] | |
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| Overloading Based on L-Value versus R-Value | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Strings | |
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| An Array Type for Strings | |
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| C-String Values and C-String Variables | |
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| Pitfall: Using = and == with C-strings | |
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| Other Functions in | |
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| Example: Command-Line Arguments | |
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| C-String Input and Output | |
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| Character Manipulation Tools | |
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| Character I/O | |
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| The Member Functions get and put | |
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| Example: Checking Input Using a Newline Function | |
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| Pitfall: Unexpected '\n' in Input | |
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| The putback, peek, and ignore Member Functions | |
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| Character-Manipulating Functions | |
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| Pitfall: toupper and tolower Return int Values | |
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| the Standard Class string | |
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| Introduction to the Standard Class string | |
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| I/O with the Class string | |
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| Tip: More Versions of getline | |
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| Pitfall: Mixing cin >> variable; and getline | |
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| String Processing with the Class string | |
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| Example: Palindrome Testing | |
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| Converting between string Objects and C-Strings | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Pointers and Dynamic Arrays | |
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| Pointers | |
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| Pointer Variables | |
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| Basic Memory Management | |
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| Pitfall: Dangling Pointers | |
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| Dynamic Variables and Automatic Variables | |
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| Tip: Define Pointer Types | |
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| Pitfall: Pointers as Call-by-Value Parameters | |
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| Uses for Pointers | |
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| Dynamic Arrays | |
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| Array Variables and Pointer Variables | |
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| Creating and Using Dynamic Arrays | |
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| Example: A Function That Returns an Array | |
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| Pointer Arithmetic | |
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| Multidimensional Dynamic Arrays | |
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| Classes, Pointers, and Dynamic Arrays | |
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| The -> Operator | |
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| The this Pointer | |
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| Overloading the Assignment Operator | |
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| Example: A Class for Partially Filled Arrays | |
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| Destructors | |
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| Copy Constructors | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Separate Compilation and Namespaces | |
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| Separate Compilation | |
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| Encapsulation Reviewed | |
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| Header Files and Implementation Files | |
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| Example: DigitalTime Class | |
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| Tip: Reusable Components | |
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| Using #ifndef | |
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| Tip: Defining Other Libraries | |
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| Namespaces | |
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| Namespaces and using Directives | |
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| Creating a Namespace | |
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| Using Declarations | |
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| Qualifying Names | |
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| Tip: Choosing a Name for a Namespace | |
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| Example: A Class Definition in a Namespace | |
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| Unnamed Namespaces | |
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| Pitfall: Confusing the Global Namespace and the Unnamed Namespace | |
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| Tip: Unnamed Namespaces Replace the static Qualifier | |
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| Tip: Hiding Helping Functions | |
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| Nested Namespaces | |
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| Tip: What Namespace Specification Should You Use? | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Streams and File I/O | |
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| I/O Streams | |
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| File I/O | |
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| Pitfall: Restrictions on Stream Variables | |
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| Appending to a File | |
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| Tip: Another Syntax for Opening a File | |
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| Tip: Check That a File Was Opened Successfully | |
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| Character I/O | |
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| Checking for the End of a File | |
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| Tools for Stream I/O | |
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| File Names as Input | |
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| Formatting Output with Stream Functions | |
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| Manipulators | |
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| Saving Flag Settings | |
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| More Output Stream Member Functions | |
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| Example: Cleaning Up a File Format | |
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| Example: Editing a Text File | |
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| Stream Hierarchies: A Preview of Inheritance | |
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| Inheritance among Stream Classes | |
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| Example: Another newLine Function | |
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| Parsing Strings with the stringstream Class | |
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| Random Access to Files | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Recursion | |
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| Recursive void Functions | |
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| Example: Vertical Numbers | |
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| Tracing a Recursive Call | |
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| A Closer Look at Recursion | |
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| Pitfall: Infinite Recursion | |
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| Stacks for Recursion | |
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| Pitfall: Stack Overflow | |
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| Recursion versus Iteration | |
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| Recursive Functions That Return a Value | |
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| General Form for a Recursive Function That Returns a Value | |
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| Example: Another Powers Function | |
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| Mutual Recursion | |
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| Thinking Recursively | |
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| Recursive Design Techniques | |
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| Binary Search | |
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| Coding | |
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| Checking the Recursion | |
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| Efficiency | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Inheritance | |
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| Inheritance Basics | |
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| Derived Classes | |
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| Constructors in Derived Classes | |
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| Pitfall: Use of Private Member Variables from the Base Class | |
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| Pitfall: Private Member Functions Are Effectively Not Inherited | |
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| The protected Qualifier | |
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| Redefinition of Member Functions | |
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| Redefining versus Overloading | |
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| Access to a Redefined Base Function | |
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| Functions That Are Not Inherited | |
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| Programming with Inheritance | |
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| Assignment Operators and Copy Constructors in Derived Classes | |
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| Destructors in Derived Classes | |
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| Example: Partially Filled Array with Backup | |
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| Pitfall: Same Object on Both Sides of the Assignment Operator | |
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| Example: Alternate Implementation of PFArrayDBak | |
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| Tip: A Class Has Access to Private Members of All Objects of the Class | |
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| Tip: "Is a" versus "Has a" | |
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| Protected and Private Inheritance | |
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| Multiple Inheritance | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Polymorphism and Virtual Functions | |
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| Virtual Function Basics | |
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| Late Binding | |
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| Virtual Functions in C++ | |
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| Tip: the Virtual Property Is Inherited | |
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| Tip: When to Use a Virtual Function | |
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| Pitfall: Omitting the Definition of a Virtual Member Function | |
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| Abstract Classes and Pure Virtual Functions | |
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| Example: An Abstract Class | |
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| Pointers and Virtual Functions | |
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| Virtual Functions and Extended Type Compatibility | |
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| Pitfall: the Slicing Problem | |
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| Tip: Make Destructors Virtual | |
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| Downcasting and Upcasting | |
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| How C++ Implements Virtual Functions | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Templates | |
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| Function Templates | |
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| Syntax for Function Templates | |
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| Pitfall: Compiler Complications | |
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| Tip: How to Define Templates | |
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| Example: A Generic Sorting Function | |
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| Pitfall: Using a Template with an Inappropriate Type | |
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| Class Templates | |
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| Syntax for Class Templates | |
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| Example: An Array Template Class | |
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| The vector and basic_string Templates | |
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| Templates and Inheritance | |
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| Example: Template Class for a Partially Filled Array with Backup | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Linked Data Structures | |
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| Nodes and Linked Lists | |
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| Nodes | |
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| Linked Lists | |
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| Inserting a Node at the Head of a List | |
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| Pitfall: Losing Nodes | |
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| Inserting and Removing Nodes Inside a List | |
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| Pitfall: Using the Assignment Operator with Dynamic Data Structures | |
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| Searching a Linked List | |
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| Doubly Linked Lists | |
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| Adding a Node to a Doubly Linked List | |
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| Deleting a Node from a Doubly Linked List | |
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| Example: A Generic Sorting Template Version of Linked List Tools | |
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| Linked List Applications | |
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| Example: A Stack Template Class | |
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| Example: A Queue Template Class | |
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| Tip: A Comment on Namespaces | |
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| Friend Classes and Similar Alternatives | |
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| Example: Hash Tables with Chaining | |
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| Efficiency of Hash Tables | |
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| Example: A Set Template Class | |
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| Efficiency of Sets Using Linked Lists | |
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| Iterators | |
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| Pointers as Iterators | |
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| Iterator Classes | |
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| Example: An Iterator Class | |
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| Trees | |
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| Tree Properties | |
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| Example: A Tree Template Class | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Exception Handling | |
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| Exception Handling Basics | |
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| A Toy Example of Exception Handling | |
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| Defining Your Own Exception Classes | |
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| Multiple Throws and Catches | |
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| Pitfall: Catch the More Specific Exception First | |
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| Tip: Exception Classes Can Be Trivial | |
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| Throwing an Exception in a Function | |
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| Exception Specification | |
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| Pitfall: Exception Specification in Derived Classes | |
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| Programming Techniques for Exception Handling | |
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| When to Throw an Exception | |
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| Pitfall: Uncaught Exceptions | |
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| Pitfall: Nested try-catch Blocks | |
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| Pitfall: Overuse of Exceptions | |
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| Exception Class Hierarchies | |
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| Testing for Available Memory | |
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| Rethrowing an Exception | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Standard Template Library | |
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| Iterators | |
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| Iterator Basics | |
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| Pitfall: Compiler Problems | |
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| Kinds of Iterators | |
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| Constant and Mutable Iterators | |
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| Reverse Iterators | |
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| Other Kinds of Iterators | |
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| Containers | |
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| Sequential Containers | |
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| Pitfall: Iterators and Removing Elements | |
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| Tip: Type Definitions in Containers | |
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| The Container Adapters stack and queue | |
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| Pitfall: Underlying Containers | |
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| The Associative Containers set and map | |
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| Efficiency | |
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| Generic Algorithms | |
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| Running Times and Big-O Notation | |
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| Container Access Running Times | |
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| Nonmodifying Sequence Algorithms | |
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| Modifying Sequence Algorithms | |
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| Set Algorithms | |
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| Sorting Algorithms | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Patterns and UML | |
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| Patterns | |
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| Adapter Pattern | |
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| The Model-View-Controller Pattern | |
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| Example: A Sorting Pattern | |
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| Efficiency of the Sorting Pattern | |
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| Tip: Pragmatics and Patterns | |
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| Pattern Formalism | |
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| UML | |
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| History of UML | |
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| UML Class Diagrams | |
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| Class Interactions | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| C++ Keywords | |
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| Precedence of Operators | |
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| the ASCII Character Set | |
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| Some Library Functions | |
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| Old and New Header Files | |
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| Index | |