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| Imaging Diversity | |
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| Multiple Identities Defined | |
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| Multicultural Counseling and Psychology Defined | |
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| Diversity: An Overview | |
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| A, B, and C Dimensions | |
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| Conceptualization of the Self | |
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| Images of Diversity | |
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| Culture | |
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| Race | |
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| Ethnicity | |
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| Gender | |
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| Sexuality | |
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| Disability | |
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| Socioeconomic Class | |
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| Spirituality | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Desperation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Multicultural Competencies and Guidelines | |
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| Multicultural Competencies | |
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| Competency One: Counselor Awareness of Own Cultural Values and Biases | |
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| Competency Two: Counselor Awareness of Client's Worldview | |
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| Competency Three: Counselor Use of Culturally Appropriate Intervention Strategies | |
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| Guidelines | |
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| Diversity Training | |
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| Assessment and Research | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Client Identities | |
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| Summary | |
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| Statused Identities | |
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| Identities as Status: The Contextual and Social Construction of Differences Model | |
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| Assumptions of Hierarchical Socialization Patterns | |
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| Racism | |
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| Patriarchy | |
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| Sexism | |
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| Homophobia | |
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| Able-Bodyism | |
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| Class Elitism | |
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| Ageism | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: The Difference Class Makes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Valued Cultures | |
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| Native Americans and Alaskan Natives | |
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| Harmony and Balance | |
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| History | |
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| Demography | |
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| Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues | |
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| Cultural Philosophies and Values | |
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| Acculturation | |
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| Case Study: A Wounded Mind | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Summary | |
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| Latinos | |
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| The Spanish, Portuguese, Indians, Asians, and Africans | |
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| Demography | |
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| Geography | |
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| Migratory Patterns from Mexico | |
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| Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues | |
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| Migration and Acculturation | |
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| Cultural Orientation and Values | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Oblivious | |
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| Summary | |
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| People of African Descent | |
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| History, CE 500-1500 | |
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| The Slave Trade | |
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| Resistance to Slavery | |
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| Demographic Trends | |
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| Social, Psychological, and Physiological Health Issues | |
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| Physical Appearance | |
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| Cultural Orientation and Values | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Anxiety Attacks | |
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| Summary | |
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| People of Asian Descent, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders | |
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| Migratory Patterns | |
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| Demography | |
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| Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues | |
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| Acculturation and Experiences in America | |
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| Cultural Orientation and Values | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Dual Diagnosis | |
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| Summary | |
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| People of the Middle East and Arab Americans | |
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| The Africans, Asians, Europeans, and Arabs | |
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| Muslims and Arabs: Differences and Similarities | |
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| Migratory Patterns from the Middle East | |
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| Demography | |
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| Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues | |
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| Cultural Orientation and Values | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Perceptions of Dangerousness | |
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| Summary | |
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| Converging Identities | |
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| Converging Race | |
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| The Social Construction of Race | |
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| Race and Science | |
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| Origins of Racial Groups | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Identity Development | |
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| Ethnic Identity | |
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| Native American Identity | |
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| Asian American Identity Development | |
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| African American Racial Identity | |
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| Latino Identity Development | |
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| White Racial Identity Development | |
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| Optimal Theory Applied to Identity Development | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Teaching Privilege to the Privileged | |
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| Summary | |
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| Converging Biracial and Multiracial Identities | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Demography | |
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| The One-Drop Rule | |
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| The Fluidity of Race | |
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| Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development | |
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| Research and Biracial and Multiracial Populations | |
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| Biracial Identity Development | |
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| Case Study: Denial of Self | |
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| Summary | |
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| Converging Gender | |
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| Gender Definitions | |
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| Gender and Biology | |
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| The Social Construction of Gender | |
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| Undoing Gender | |
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| Sex and Gender Roles | |
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| Gender and Emotion | |
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| Gender and the Body | |
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| Gender and Experiences in Therapy | |
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| Gender Identity Models | |
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| The Womanist Model | |
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| White Male Identity Development Model | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Building Rapport | |
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| Summary | |
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| Converging Socioeconomic Class | |
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| The Invisibility of Class as a Variable in Counseling | |
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| The Intersections of Class | |
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| Class: An Identity Construct | |
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| Middle-Class Bias and Counselor Training | |
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| The Fluidity of Class-Status | |
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| Middle-Class Bias and Ethical Standards | |
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| Classism | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Class Divide | |
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| Summary | |
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| Converging Sexuality | |
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| Definitions and Terminology | |
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| Narrative Questions | |
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| The Importance of a Focus on Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling | |
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| Developmental Processes | |
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| Cass's Model of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Sexual Identity Formation | |
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| Troiden's Homosexual Identity Development Model | |
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| Sullivan's Model of Sexual Identity Development | |
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| Counseling Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals of Color | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Assigning Gender | |
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| Summary | |
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| Converging Disability | |
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| Understanding Disability | |
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| Disability Studies | |
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| The Social Construction of Disability | |
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| Perfection, Beauty, and the Able Body | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Case Study: Rethinking Manhood | |
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| Summary | |
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| Converging Spirituality | |
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| Spirituality and Religion Defined | |
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| Case Study: Crises of Faith | |
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| Clinical Skills in Integrating Spirituality and Psychotherapy | |
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| Spirituality, Therapy, and Cultural Considerations | |
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| Diverse Healing Strategies | |
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| Effective Lay-Led Healing | |
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| Other Approaches | |
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| Creative Arts | |
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| Wellness | |
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| Implications for Counselors and Psychologists | |
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| Summary | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| References | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |