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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Foundations | |
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| Introducing the Language Arts | |
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| What Is Important about Classroom Language Use? | |
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| What Is the Authors' Perspective? | |
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| What Are Important Aspects of Language Study? | |
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| How Do We Organize and Structure Ideas? | |
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| How Do Our Communities Influence Language Development? | |
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| What Is Your Role? | |
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| What Does Good Instruction Look Like? | |
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| How Can the Standards Help Your Teaching? | |
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| How Can You Get Started in This Study of Language Arts? | |
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| What Are Your Interests and Questions? | |
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| Assessing Language Arts | |
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| Why Is Language Arts Assessment Important? | |
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| How Are National Language Arts Standards Related to State and School District Language Arts Standards? | |
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| What Are Principles to Follow in Language Arts Assessment? | |
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| How Can You Assess Language Arts? | |
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| When Do You Assess Language Arts? | |
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| Supporting Diverse Learners | |
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| How Do We Define Diversity? | |
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| What Do You Need to Know When Teaching English Learners? | |
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| How Does Diversity Affect Your Classroom? | |
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| How Can You Differentiate Instruction? | |
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| How Can You Support Students Who Struggle with Language Learning? | |
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| What Intellectual and Social Needs Are Important to Consider? | |
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| Understanding Oral Language Development | |
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| What Is Language? | |
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| Why Is Oral Language Important? | |
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| What Do We Know about Oral Language Development? | |
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| How Does Language Develop? | |
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| How Does Language Change during the Preschool Years? | |
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| Is Language Development "Finished" When Children Enter School? | |
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| What Do We Know about Dialects? | |
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| How Do Students Use Language? | |
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| How Can We Promote Language Growth? | |
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| Engaging with Literature | |
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| Why Is Children's Literature Important for Reading and Writing? | |
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| What Do We Know about Children's Literature? | |
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| What Do We Know about How Children Learn about Literature? | |
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| How Can We Teach Children's Literature? | |
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| How Can We Assess Students' Understanding of Literature? | |
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| How Can We Support Diversity and Differentiated Instruction in the Classroom? | |
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| How Can We Support Technology Use and Children's Literature? | |
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| Language Arts | |
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| Developing Speaking and Listening | |
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| How Do State and National Standards Inform Oral Language Instruction? | |
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| How Can Social Interaction and Communication Be Developed? | |
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| How Can You Develop Exploratory Uses of Language? | |
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| How Can You Help Students Gain Confidence in Speaking? | |
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| How Can Students Learn to Use Language to Inform Others? | |
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| In What Ways Can You Develop Students' Ability to Listen? | |
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| How Can You Support Students Who Struggle with Classroom Communication? | |
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| Reading in the Primary Grades | |
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| What are Important Factors for Successful Beginning Reading? | |
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| How Does Beginning Reading Develop? | |
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| How Can You Support Reading Development? | |
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| How Can You Assess Early Reading Development? | |
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| How Can You Support Students Who Struggle with Story Comprehension? | |
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| Reading Beyond the Primary Grades | |
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| What Are Goals for Literacy beyond the Primary Grades? | |
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| What Instructional Strategies Are Supported by Research and Best Practices? | |
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| How Can Students Be Encouraged to Read for Literary Purposes? | |
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| How Can Literacy Be Developed across the Content Areas? | |
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| Why Is Visual Literacy Important? | |
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| How Can Visual Literacy Be Developed? | |
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| How Can You Organize Classroom Instruction to Accomplish Your Goals? | |
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| How Can Integrated Units of Instruction Enhance Learning? | |
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| How Can You Support Students Who Struggle with Reading? | |
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| Spelling Development | |
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| Why Is Spelling Important for Reading and Writing? | |
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| What Do We Know about English Spelling? | |
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| How Can We Teach Spelling? | |
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| How Can We Assess Spelling? | |
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| How Can We Help English Learners with Spelling? | |
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| Why Teach Handwriting? | |
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| Developing Vocabulary | |
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| What Do We Know about Vocabulary Development during the Elementary Years? | |
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| What Does a Good Instructional Program Include? | |
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| What Role Does the Dictionary Play? | |
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| How Can Students' Word Knowledge Be Assessed? | |
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| What Is Effective Vocabulary Instruction for Students Who Struggle with Word Learning? | |
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| Writing Development | |
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| How Do Students Develop into Writers? | |
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| What Is the Writing Process? | |
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| How Can You Help Students Become Writers? | |
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| How Can You Assess Students' Writing? | |
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| How Can You Support Struggling Writers? | |
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| Writing Conventions | |
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| What Are Writing Conventions for English? | |
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| What Do We Know about Teaching Writing Conventions? | |
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| How Can You Teach Writing Conventions? | |
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| How Can You Assess Writing Conventions? | |
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| How Can You Assist Students Who Struggle with Subject-Verb Agreement? | |
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| Exploring Writing Genres | |
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| How Do You Define, Teach, and Assess Personal Writing? | |
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| How Do You Define, Teach, and Assess Story Writing? | |
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| How Do You Define, Teach, and Assess Informational Writing? | |
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| How Do You Define, Teach, and Assess Poetry Writing? | |
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| What Strategies Can You Use with Students Who Struggle with Writing Genres? | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |