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| Preface | |
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| The Elements of Composition | |
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| Why Writing Matters | |
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| Why Is Writing Hard? | |
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| What Surprises Are in Store? | |
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| Why Is Writing So Important? | |
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| What the Seniors Advise | |
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| Reading Texts Critically | |
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| Understanding Written Texts | |
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| Reading Critically | |
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| Reading and Writing | |
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| Reading Images Critically | |
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| The Elements of Visual Composition | |
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| Images of Persuasion | |
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| Adding Images to Your Writing | |
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| The Elements of Composition | |
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| Writing for a Purpose | |
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| Addressing Audiences | |
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| Finding a Voice | |
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| Analyzing Voice | |
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| The Writing Process | |
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| Keeping Journals | |
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| Characteristics of Journals | |
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| Using Journals in College | |
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| Experimenting with Journals | |
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| Letters from Journals | |
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| Strategies for Starting | |
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| Brainstorming | |
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| Freewriting | |
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| Loop Writing | |
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| Asking Reporters' Questions | |
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| Outlining | |
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| Clustering | |
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| Starting a Dialogue | |
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| Sharing and Responding | |
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| Sharing Your Writing | |
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| Giving Helpful Responses | |
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| Responding in Writing | |
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| Responding Through Conferences | |
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| Responding in Writing Groups | |
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| Responding Electronically | |
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| Writing Essays | |
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| Reflecting on Experience | |
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| Character (Who) | |
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| Subject (What) | |
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| Setting (Where) | |
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| Sequence (When) | |
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| Theme (Why) | |
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| Perspective (How) | |
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| Shaping the Whole Paper | |
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| Profiling Self and Others | |
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| Writing Autobiography | |
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| Writing a Language Autobiography | |
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| Composing a Career Profile | |
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| Sample Snapshot Autobiography | |
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| Profiling People | |
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| Shaping the Whole Paper | |
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| Explaining Things | |
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| Writing to Explain | |
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| Finding a Topic | |
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| Developing a Thesis | |
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| Using Strategies to Explain | |
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| Organizing with Logic | |
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| Maintaining a Neutral Perspective | |
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| Shaping the Whole Paper | |
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| Arguing For and Against | |
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| Writing to Change People's Minds | |
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| Finding an Issue | |
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| Analyzing an Issue | |
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| Taking a Position | |
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| Developing an Argument | |
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| Organizing a Position Paper | |
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| Shaping the Whole Paper | |
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| Interpreting Texts | |
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| Writing to Interpret | |
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| Exploring a Topic | |
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| Identifying Interpretive Communities | |
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| Developing an Interpretation | |
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| Glossary of Literary Terms | |
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| Shaping the Whole Papers | |
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| Writing Creative Nonfiction | |
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| Lists | |
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| Snapshots | |
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| Playful Sentences | |
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| Repetition/Refrain | |
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| Double Voice | |
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| Collage | |
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| Electronic Style | |
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| Writing Essay Examinations | |
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| Best Strategies | |
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| Good Answers | |
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| Tricks of the Essay-Answer Trade | |
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| Revising and Editing | |
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| Strategies for Revision | |
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| Understanding Revising | |
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| Asking Revision Questions | |
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| Using Revision Strategies | |
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| Focused Revision | |
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| Limiting | |
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| Adding | |
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| Switching | |
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| Transforming | |
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| Experimentation versus Convention | |
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| Openings and Closings | |
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| Openings | |
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| Closings | |
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| Finding the Title | |
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| Working Paragraphs | |
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| The Work of Paragraphs | |
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| Writing Well-Organized Paragraphs | |
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| Helping the Reader | |
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| Transitions Between Paragraphs | |
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| Working Sentences | |
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| Editing for Clarity, Style, and Grace | |
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| The Work of Sentences | |
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| Concrete Nouns | |
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| Action Verbs | |
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| Modifiers | |
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| Pleasing Rhythms | |
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| Important Points | |
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| Wordy Sentences | |
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| Cliches | |
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| Passive Constructions | |
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| Biased Language | |
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| Proofreading | |
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| Punctuating Sentences | |
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| Period | |
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| Question Mark | |
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| Exclamation Point | |
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| Comma | |
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| Semicolon | |
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| Colon | |
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| Apostrophe | |
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| Quotation Marks | |
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| Parentheses | |
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| Dashes | |
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| Ellipsis Points | |
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| Brackets | |
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| Portfolios and Publishing | |
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| Designing Documents for Publication | |
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| Preparing Writing Portfolios | |
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| Publishing Class Books | |
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| Designing Web Pages | |
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| Research Across the Disciplines | |
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| Writing and Research Across the Disciplines | |
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| How the Disciplines Differ | |
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| What the Disciplines Have in Common | |
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| Strategies for Conducting Research | |
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| Practical Research | |
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| The Research Process | |
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| Research Topics | |
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| Thesis-Based Research | |
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| A Research Log | |
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| A Research Plan | |
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| Conducting Library Research | |
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| Learning Your Library | |
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| Guiding Information | |
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| Taking Notes | |
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| Evaluating Library Sources | |
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| Conducting Internet Research | |
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| Using Multiple Search Engines | |
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| Narrowing Your Web Search | |
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| Keeping a Research Log | |
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| Printing Hard Copy of Web Pages | |
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| Bookmarking Favorite Sites | |
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| Investigating Nonprofit Sites | |
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| Using E-mail to Conduct Long-Distance Interviews | |
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| Evaluating Web Sources | |
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| Testing a Web Site | |
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| Conducting Field Research | |
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| Planning Field Research | |
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| Interviewing | |
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| Conducting Surveys | |
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| Observing | |
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| Evaluating Field Sources | |
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| Interviews | |
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| Site Visits | |
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| Working with Sources | |
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| Controlling Sources | |
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| Organizing and Synthesizing Sources | |
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| Integrating Information | |
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| Integrating Quotations | |
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| Paraphrasing and Summarizing | |
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| Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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| Writing for the World at Large | |
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| Business Letters | |
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| Resumes | |
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| Cover Letters | |
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| Memos | |
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| e-mail | |
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| Letters to the Editor | |
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| Reports | |
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| Newsletters | |
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| Brochures, Pamphlets, Posters, and Flyers | |
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| Documenting Sources: MLA | |
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| The Role of Documentation in Textual Study | |
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| Documenting Sources: MLA Style | |
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| In-Text Citations | |
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| Endnotes and Footnotes | |
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| Works Cited List | |
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| Databases Online Sources | |
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| Documenting Other Sources | |
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| Research Essay: MLA Style | |
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| Documenting Sources: APA | |
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| The Aims of Writing in the Social Sciences | |
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| Common Forms of Writing in the Social Sciences | |
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| Documentation and Format Conventions: APA Guidelines | |
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| Informational Research Paper: APA Style | |
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| Photo Credits | |
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| Index | |