| |
| |
| List of Examples | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Circuit Variables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electrical Engineering: An Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| The International System of Units | |
| |
| |
| |
| Circuit Analysis: An Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| Voltage and Current | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ideal Basic Circuit Element | |
| |
| |
| |
| Power and Energy | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Circuit Elements | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Electrical Safety | |
| |
| |
| |
| Voltage and Current Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electrical Resistance (Ohm's Law) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Construction of a Circuit Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kirchhoff's Laws | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of a Circuit Containing Dependent Sources | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Electrical Safety | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Simple Resistive Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: A Rear Window Defroster | |
| |
| |
| |
| Resistors in Series | |
| |
| |
| |
| Resistors in Parallel | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Voltage-Divider and Current-Divider Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Voltage Division and Current Division | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Voltage and Current | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Resistance-The Wheatstone Bridge | |
| |
| |
| |
| Delta-to-Wye (Pi-to-Tee) Equivalent Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: A Rear Window Defroster | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Techniques of Circuit Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Circuits with Realistic Resistors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terminology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to the Node-Voltage Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Node-Voltage Method and Dependent Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Node-Voltage Method: Some Special Cases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to the Mesh-Current Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Mesh-Current Method and Dependent Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Mesh-Current Method: Some Special Cases | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Node-Voltage Method Versus the Mesh-Current Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Source Transformations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thevenin and Norton Equivalents | |
| |
| |
| |
| More on Deriving a Thevenin Equivalent | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maximum Power Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Superposition | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Circuits with Realistic Resistors | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Operational Amplifier | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Strain Gages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Operational Amplifier Terminals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terminal Voltages and Currents | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Inverting-Amplifier Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Summing-Amplifier Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Noninverting-Amplifier Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Difference-Amplifier Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| A More Realistic Model for the Operational Amplifier | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Strain Gages | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Proximity Switches | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Inductor | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Capacitor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mutual Inductance | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Closer Look at Mutual Inductance | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Proximity Switches | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Response of First-Order RL and RC Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: A Flashing Light Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Natural Response of an RL Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Natural Response of an RC Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Step Response of RL and RC Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| A General Solution for Step and Natural Responses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sequential Switching | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unbounded Response | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Integrating Amplifier | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: A Flashing Light Circuit | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Natural and Step Responses of RLC Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: An Ignition Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to the Natural Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Forms of the Natural Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Natural and Step Response of a Series RLC Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Circuit with Two Integrating Amplifiers | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: An Ignition Circuit | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: A Household Distribution Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sinusoidal Source | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sinusoidal Response | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Phasor | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Passive Circuit Elements in the Frequency Domain | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kirchoff's Laws in the Frequency Domain | |
| |
| |
| |
| Series, Parallel, and Delta-to-Wye Simplifications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Source Transformations and Thevenin-Norton Equivalent Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Node-Voltage Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Mesh-Current Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transformer | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ideal Transformer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phasor Diagrams | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: A Household Distribution Circuit | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Heating Appliances | |
| |
| |
| |
| Instantaneous Power | |
| |
| |
| |
| Average and Reactive Power | |
| |
| |
| |
| The rms Value and Power Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Complex Power | |
| |
| |
| |
| Power Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maximum Power Transfer | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Heating Appliances | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Balanced Three-Phase Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power | |
| |
| |
| |
| Balanced Three-Phase Voltages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Three-Phase Voltage Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of the Wye-Wye Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of the Wye-Delta Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| Power Calculations in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Average Power in Three-Phase Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to the Laplace Transform | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definition of the Laplace Transform | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Step Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Impulse Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| Functional Transforms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Operational Transforms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applying the Laplace Transform | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inverse Transforms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Poles and Zeros of F(s) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Initial- and Final-Value Theorems | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Surge Suppressors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Circuit Elements in the s Domain | |
| |
| |
| |
| Circuit Analysis in the s Domain | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transfer Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transfer Function in Partial Fraction Expansions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transfer Function and the Convolution Integral | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transfer Function and the Steady-State Sinusoidal Response | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Impulse Function in Circuit Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Surge Suppressors | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Frequency Selective Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Pushbutton Telephone Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Preliminaries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Low-Pass Filters | |
| |
| |
| |
| High-Pass Filters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bandpass Filters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bandreject Filters | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Pushbutton Telephone Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Active Filter Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Bass Volume Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| First-Order Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Scaling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Op Amp Bandpass and Bandreject Filters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Higher Order Op Amp Filters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Narrowband Bandpass and Bandreject Filters | |
| |
| |
| Practical Perspective: Bass Volume Control | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fourier Series | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fourier Series Analysis: An Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Fourier Coefficients | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Effect of Symmetry on the Fourier Coefficients | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Alternative Trigonometric Form of the Fourier Series | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Average-Power Calculations with Periodic Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The rms Value of a Periodic Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Exponential Form of the Fourier Series | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amplitude and Phase Spectra | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Fourier Transform | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Derivation of the Fourier Transform | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Convergence of the Fourier Integral | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Laplace Transforms to Find Fourier Transforms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fourier Transforms in the Limit | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Mathematical Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
| Operational Transforms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Circuit Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Parseval's Theorem | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Two-Port Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Terminal Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Two-Port Parameters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of the Terminated Two-Port Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interconnected Two-Port Circuits | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Solution of Linear Simultaneous Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Steps | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cramer's Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Characteristic Determinant | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Numerator Determinant | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Evaluation of a Determinant | |
| |
| |
| |
| Matrices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Matrix Algebra | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identity, Adjoint, and Inverse Matrices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Partitioned Matrices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Complex Numbers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Notation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Graphical Representation of a Complex Number | |
| |
| |
| |
| Arithmetic Operations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Useful Identities | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Integer Power of a Complex Number | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Roots of a Complex Number | |
| |
| |
| |
| More on Magnetically Coupled Coils and Ideal Transformers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Equivalent Circuits for Magnetically Coupled Coils | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Need for Ideal Transformers in the Equivalent Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Decibel | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bode Diagrams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Real, First-Order Poles and Zeros | |
| |
| |
| |
| Straight-Line Amplitude Plots | |
| |
| |
| |
| More Accurate Amplitude Plots | |
| |
| |
| |
| Straight-Line Phase Angle Plots | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bode Diagrams: Complex Poles and Zeros | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amplitude Plots | |
| |
| |
| |
| Correcting Straight-Line Amplitude Plots | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phase Angle Plots | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Abbreviated Table of Trigonometric Identities | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Abbreviated Table of Integrals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers to Selected Problems | |
| |
| |
| Index | |