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| Preface | |
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| The Subject Is Organizations; The Verb is Organizing | |
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| The Importance of Organizations | |
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| Organizations as an Area of Study | |
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| Common and Divergent Interests | |
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| The Elements of Organizations | |
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| Defining the Concept of Organization | |
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| Summary | |
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| Organizations as Rational Systems | |
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| The Defining Characteristics | |
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| Selected Schools | |
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| Summary and Tentative Conclusions | |
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| Organizations as Natural Systems | |
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| Basic versus Distinctive Characteristics | |
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| Selected Schools | |
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| Summary and Tentative Conclusions | |
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| Organizations as Open Systems | |
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| System Levels | |
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| Special Emphases and Insights | |
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| Selected Schools | |
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| Summary and Tentative Conclusions | |
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| Combining Perspectives, Expanding Levels | |
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| Attempts at Integration | |
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| Glancing Back and Looking Forward | |
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| Expanded Levels of Analysis | |
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| Theories at the Ecological Level | |
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| Concluding Comment | |
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| Technology and Structure | |
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| Organizations as Technical Adaptive Systems | |
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| Technology and Structure: Natural System Formulations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Labor and Structure | |
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| The Social Boundaries of Organizations | |
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| Division of Labor | |
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| Labor Markets and Organizational Boundaries | |
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| High-Performance Work Organizations | |
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| Problems for Participants | |
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| Concluding Comments | |
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| Goals, Power, and Control | |
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| Goal Setting in Organizations | |
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| Anarchies, Adhocracies, and Learning | |
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| Control Systems | |
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| Critical and Postmodern Conceptions of Power | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Dyadic Environment of the Organization | |
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| Why Are There Organizations, and Where Do They Place Their Boundaries? | |
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| Transaction Costs and the Origins of Firms | |
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| How Do Organizations Manage Their Relations with Other Organizations? | |
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| Resource Dependence and the Negotiated Environment | |
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| Summary | |
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| Organization of the Environment | |
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| How Do New Organizations and New Populations of Organizations Arise, and Why Do They Fail?: Ecological Perspectives | |
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| How Are Organizations Shaped by Broader Social-Political-Cultural Processes?: Institutional Perspectives | |
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| Summary | |
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| Networks In and Around Organizations | |
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| Introduction: From Metaphor to Method to Worldview | |
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| Network Thinking | |
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| Interorganizational Networks | |
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| Network Forms of Organization | |
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| Sectoral and Societal Networks | |
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| Summary | |
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| Strategy, Structure, and Performance: The Sociology of Organizational Strategy | |
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| Why Are Organizations in Some Industries More Profitable Than Those in Others? | |
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| Organizational Performance | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Rise and Transformation of the Corporate Form | |
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| Changing Forms of Organizations | |
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| Are Organizations Still the Defining Structures of Society? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Changing Contours of Organizations and Organization Theory | |
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| From Unitary to Multiparadigm | |
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| From Monocultural to Multicultural Studies | |
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| From Present-centered to Longitudinal and Historical Analysis | |
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| From Micro- to Macro Units and Levels of Analysis | |
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| From Structure to Process | |
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| References | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |