| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Updates to the Third Edition | |
| |
| |
| To the Instructor | |
| |
| |
| To the Student | |
| |
| |
| |
| Composition | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Writing Process | |
| |
| |
| The Writing Process | |
| |
| |
| Prewriting | |
| |
| |
| Planning | |
| |
| |
| Drafting | |
| |
| |
| Revising | |
| |
| |
| Proofreading | |
| |
| |
| An Important Point | |
| |
| |
| The Writing Process: Stephanie's Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Writing for Right-Brained Writers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Preparing to Write | |
| |
| |
| Prewriting | |
| |
| |
| Prewriting Methods | |
| |
| |
| Brainstorming | |
| |
| |
| Freewriting | |
| |
| |
| Invisible Writing: A Computer Technique | |
| |
| |
| Clustering | |
| |
| |
| Narrowing Your Topic: The Topic-Subtopic Method | |
| |
| |
| Outlining | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| Progressive Writing Assignment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Paragraphs: Topic Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of an Effective Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Direction: Shaping the Topic Sentence of a Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Progressive Writing Assignment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Paragraphs: Support | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of an Effective Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Support: Using Specific Detail | |
| |
| |
| Progressive Writing Assignment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Paragraphs: Unity and Coherence | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of an Effective Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Unity: Sticking to the Point | |
| |
| |
| Coherence: Holding the Paragraph Together | |
| |
| |
| Progressive Writing Assignment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revising, Proofreading, and Formatting | |
| |
| |
| Revising | |
| |
| |
| Checklist for Revision | |
| |
| |
| Proofreading | |
| |
| |
| The Top-Down Technique | |
| |
| |
| The Bottom-Up Technique | |
| |
| |
| The Targeting Technique | |
| |
| |
| Proofreading the Word-Processed Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Formatting | |
| |
| |
| Handwritten Documents | |
| |
| |
| Word-Processed Documents | |
| |
| |
| Progressive Writing Assignment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Showing and Telling: Description, Narration, and Example | |
| |
| |
| Laying the Groundwork for Descriptive Writing | |
| |
| |
| Description | |
| |
| |
| Sense Impressions | |
| |
| |
| Spatial Order | |
| |
| |
| Establishing a Dominant Impression | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Sample Descriptive Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| Narration | |
| |
| |
| Laying the Groundwork for Narrative Writing | |
| |
| |
| Steps to Writing a Successful Narrative | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Sample Narrative Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| Examples | |
| |
| |
| Laying the Groundwork for Writing Using Examples | |
| |
| |
| The Short Example | |
| |
| |
| The Sentence-Length Example | |
| |
| |
| The Extended Example | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Paragraphs Developed by Example | |
| |
| |
| Topics for Combining Methods of Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Limiting and Ordering: Definition, Classification, and Process | |
| |
| |
| Definition | |
| |
| |
| Laying the Groundwork for Writing a Definition | |
| |
| |
| Setting Up Your Definition Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Sample Definition Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| Classification | |
| |
| |
| Laying the Groundwork for Classification | |
| |
| |
| Establishing a Basis for Classification | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Sample Classification Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| Process | |
| |
| |
| Laying the Groundwork for Process Writing | |
| |
| |
| Organizing the Process Paper | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Sample Process Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| Topics for Combining Methods of Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Examining Logical Connections: Comparison-Contrast, Cause-Effect, and Argument | |
| |
| |
| Comparison-Contrast | |
| |
| |
| Laying the Groundwork for Comparison and Contrast | |
| |
| |
| Setting up a Comparison-Contrast Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Sample Comparison-Contrast Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| Cause and Effect | |
| |
| |
| Laying the Groundwork for Cause-Effect Writing | |
| |
| |
| Identifying Causes and Effects | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Sample Cause-Effect Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| Argument | |
| |
| |
| Laying the Groundwork for Writing an Argument | |
| |
| |
| Taking Sides | |
| |
| |
| Will You Change Anyone's Mind? | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Sample Argument Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| Topics for Combining Methods of Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing an Essay | |
| |
| |
| Parts of an Essay | |
| |
| |
| Essay Diagram | |
| |
| |
| Sample Essay | |
| |
| |
| Meeting the Challenge of Essay Writing | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of an Effective Essay | |
| |
| |
| Writing the Essay | |
| |
| |
| Providing Direction: Writing the Thesis Statement | |
| |
| |
| Getting Started: Introducing the Essay | |
| |
| |
| The Body Paragraphs: Unity | |
| |
| |
| The Body Paragraphs: Support | |
| |
| |
| The Body Paragraphs: Coherence | |
| |
| |
| A Graceful Exit: The Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Wordsmith's Corner: Sample Essays | |
| |
| |
| Checklist for Revision | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing Summary Reports | |
| |
| |
| Writing a Summary Report | |
| |
| |
| Five Steps in Writing an Article Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Choose a Topic and Find Sources of Information | |
| |
| |
| |
| Evaluate Sources of Information | |
| |
| |
| |
| Read Your Article Thoroughly | |
| |
| |
| |
| Draft Your Paper | |
| |
| |
| |
| Format, Proofread, and Cite Your Source | |
| |
| |
| Paraphrasing: An Essential Skill | |
| |
| |
| Brief Guide to MLA (Modern Language Association) Style | |
| |
| |
| Formatting Your Paper | |
| |
| |
| Referencing Sources Within Your Paper | |
| |
| |
| The Works Cited List | |
| |
| |
| A Model Summary Report | |
| |
| |
| |
| Grammar | |
| |
| |
| |
| Verbs and Subjects | |
| |
| |
| Action and Linking Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Action Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Linking Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Recognizing Verbs and Subjects | |
| |
| |
| Finding the Verb | |
| |
| |
| Finding the Subject | |
| |
| |
| Recognizing Prepositional Phrases | |
| |
| |
| Regular and Irregular Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Puzzling Pairs | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Subject-Verb Agreement | |
| |
| |
| The Basic Pattern | |
| |
| |
| Problems in Subject-Verb Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Prepositional Phrase between Subject and Verb | |
| |
| |
| Indefinite Pronouns as Subjects | |
| |
| |
| Subject Following the Verb | |
| |
| |
| Compound Subjects | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Verb Shifts | |
| |
| |
| Shifts in Tense | |
| |
| |
| Avoiding Unnecessary Tense Shifts | |
| |
| |
| Active and Passive Voice | |
| |
| |
| Uses of Active and Passive Voice | |
| |
| |
| Writing Sentences in Active and Passive Voice | |
| |
| |
| Correcting Shifts in Voice | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sentence Variety | |
| |
| |
| Power Tools for Writing Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Be Concise | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vary Sentence Openings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Connect Ideas through Coordination | |
| |
| |
| |
| Connect Ideas through Subordination | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Run-on Sentences | |
| |
| |
| What Is a Run-on Sentence? | |
| |
| |
| Correcting Run-ons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Period and Capital Letter | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comma and FANBOYS Conjunction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Semicolon | |
| |
| |
| |
| Semicolon and Joining Word | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dependent Word | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sentence Fragments | |
| |
| |
| What Is a Sentence Fragment? | |
| |
| |
| Dependent Clause Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Verbal Phrase Fragments (to, -ing, and -ed) | |
| |
| |
| Missing-Subject Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Example and Exception Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Prepositional Phrase Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Case | |
| |
| |
| Subject and Object Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Subject Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Object Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Intensive Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Reflexive Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Problems with Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Using Who and Whom | |
| |
| |
| The Substitution Method for Who and Whom | |
| |
| |
| Who and Whom in Questions | |
| |
| |
| Who and Whom after Prepositions | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Agreement, Reference, and Point of View | |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Problems in Pronoun Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Pronouns and Gender Fairness | |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Reference | |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Reference Problem: No Antecedent | |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Reference Problems with This | |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Point of View | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adjectives Adverbs, and Articles | |
| |
| |
| Adjectives | |
| |
| |
| Adjective Forms: Positive, Comparative, and Superlative | |
| |
| |
| Adverbs | |
| |
| |
| Puzzling Pairs | |
| |
| |
| Articles | |
| |
| |
| Using a and an | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Capital Letters | |
| |
| |
| Capital Letters to Begin Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Capitalization of Words Referring to Individuals | |
| |
| |
| Names and the Pronoun I | |
| |
| |
| Family Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Professional Titles | |
| |
| |
| Capitalization of Words Referring to Groups | |
| |
| |
| Religions, Geographic Locations, Races, and Nationalities | |
| |
| |
| Organizations, Businesses, and Agencies | |
| |
| |
| Capitalization of Words Referring to Time and Place | |
| |
| |
| Dates, Days, Holidays, and Seasons | |
| |
| |
| Place Names | |
| |
| |
| Capitalization of Words Referring to Things and Activities | |
| |
| |
| School Subjects | |
| |
| |
| Titles | |
| |
| |
| Consumer Products | |
| |
| |
| Abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Words Commonly Confused | |
| |
| |
| Words Commonly Confused | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Word Choice | |
| |
| |
| Slang | |
| |
| |
| Cliches | |
| |
| |
| Wordiness | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commas | |
| |
| |
| Commas to Set off Introductory Words, Phrases, and Clauses | |
| |
| |
| Commas to Join Items in a Series | |
| |
| |
| Commas to Join Independent Clauses | |
| |
| |
| Commas around Interrupters | |
| |
| |
| Commas with Direct Quotations | |
| |
| |
| Commas in Names and Dates | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Punctuation | |
| |
| |
| End Punctuation: Period, Question Mark, and Exclamation Point | |
| |
| |
| The Period | |
| |
| |
| The Question Mark | |
| |
| |
| The Exclamation Point | |
| |
| |
| The Semicolon | |
| |
| |
| Semicolon to Join Independent Clauses | |
| |
| |
| Semicolon to Join Items in a List | |
| |
| |
| Colons and Dashes: Formal and Informal Punctuation | |
| |
| |
| The Colon | |
| |
| |
| The Dash | |
| |
| |
| Parentheses: Tools of Understatement | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Apostrophes | |
| |
| |
| Apostrophes in Contractions | |
| |
| |
| Apostrophes to Show Possession | |
| |
| |
| Making Nouns Possessive | |
| |
| |
| Distinguishing Possessives from Simple Plurals | |
| |
| |
| Possessive Forms of Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Proofreading for Apostrophe Errors | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quotation Marks | |
| |
| |
| Quotation Marks to Signal Quotations | |
| |
| |
| Direct Quotations | |
| |
| |
| Indirect Quotations | |
| |
| |
| Quotations Marks, Underlining, and Italics to Set off Titles | |
| |
| |
| Review Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Eight Editing Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Action Hero | |
| |
| |
| |
| Setting Boundaries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Against the Wall | |
| |
| |
| Older and Wiser-or Just Older? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Barbie Madness | |
| |
| |
| |
| Living at Warp Speed | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spanglish Spoken Here | |
| |
| |
| |
| Recipe for a Sick Society | |
| |
| |
| |
| Don't Blame Me! The New "Culture of Victimization" | |
| |
| |
| |
| How 'bout Us? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mixed Blessings | |
| |
| |
| |
| One for the Books | |
| |
| |
| |
| American Space, Chinese Place | |
| |
| |
| |
| Disorders R Us | |
| |
| |
| |
| Civil Rites | |
| |
| |
| |
| All the Rage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conversational Ballgames | |
| |
| |
| |
| I Wonder: Was It Me or Was It My Sari? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Music: A Universal Language | |
| |
| |
| |
| What If My Friends Hadn't Run? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Index | |