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Preface | |
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Understanding Underdevelopment | |
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Third World Commonalities: The Nature of Underdevelopment | |
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Economic Underdevelopment | |
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Social Underdevelopment | |
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Political Underdevelopment | |
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Some Relationships among the Components of Development | |
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The Causes of Underdevelopment | |
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Modernization Theory and the Importance of Cultural Values | |
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Dependency Theory | |
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Modernization and Dependency Theory Compared | |
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Contemporary Perspectives | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy | |
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Democracy Defined | |
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Democratic Transition and Consolidation | |
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Authoritarian Beginnings | |
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Justifying Authoritarian Rule | |
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The Third Wave and Its Effect on the Third World | |
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International Causes and Consequences of the Third Wave | |
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The Prerequisites of Democracy in Individual Countries | |
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Social and Economic Modernization | |
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Class Structure | |
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Political Culture | |
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How Do Democracies Perform? Public Policy Compared | |
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Conclusion: Democratic Consolidation | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Religion and Politics | |
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The Meeting of Church and State | |
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Great Religions of the Third World | |
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Religion, Modernity, and Secularization | |
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Structural and Theological Bases of Church-State Relations | |
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Islam | |
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Catholicism | |
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Hinduism and Buddhism | |
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Religious Fundamentalism: Islam and Hinduism | |
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Defining and Explaining Fundamentalism | |
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Fundamentalists: Radical and Conservative | |
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"Sacred Rage and the Iranian Revolution": Radical Fundamentalism as a Reaction to Western-Style Modernization | |
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Al Qaeda and Militant Islamic Fundamentalism | |
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Radical Hindu Fundamentalism | |
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The Progressive Catholic Church | |
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Religion and Politics in the Developing World: Looking to the Future | |
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Conclusion: Religion and Democracy | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict | |
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Defining Ethnicity | |
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Ethnic and State Boundaries | |
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Types of Ethnic-Cultural Divisions | |
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Nationality | |
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Tribe | |
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Race | |
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Religion | |
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Independence, Modernization, and Ethnic Conflict | |
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Levels of Interethnic Conflict | |
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Relative Harmony | |
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Uneasy Balance | |
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Enforced Hierarchy (Ethnic Dominance) | |
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Systematic Violence | |
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Outcomes and Resolutions | |
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Power Sharing: Federalism and Consociationalism | |
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Secession | |
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Outside Intervention | |
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Outside Intervention in Iraq: The Effect of the U.S. Occupation on Ethnic Relations | |
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Settlement through Exhaustion | |
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Toward a Peaceful Resolution of Conflict | |
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Conclusion: Ethnic Pluralism and Democracy | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Women and Development | |
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The Political and Socioeconomic Status of Third World Women | |
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Westernization, Modernization, and the Economic Status of Women | |
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Women in the Countryside | |
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Urbanization and the Status of Women | |
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Women and Politics | |
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Women's Political Activism at the Grass Roots | |
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Women as National Political Leaders | |
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Reserved Seats and Quotas: Female Representation in Parliament and the Cabinet | |
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Women and Revolutionary Change | |
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The Status of Women: The Roles of Modernization, Globalization, and Regime Type | |
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Conclusion: Democracy and the Role of Women in Society | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Agrarian Reform and the Politics of Rural Change | |
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Rural Class Structures | |
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Peasant Politics | |
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The Politics of Agrarian Reform | |
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Patterns of Land Concentration | |
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The Case for Agrarian Reform | |
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Types of Agrarian Reform | |
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Externally Imposed Reform | |
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Revolutionary Transformation | |
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Moderate Reformism | |
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The Limits of Agrarian Reform | |
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Other Approaches and Issues | |
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Crop Pricing | |
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Conclusion: Democracy and Rural Reform | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Rapid Urbanization and the Politics of the Urban Poor | |
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The Political Consequences of Urban Growth | |
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The Struggle for Employment | |
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The Struggle for Housing among the Urban Poor | |
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Public Housing and the Role of the State | |
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Spontaneous Housing | |
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Sites-and-Services Programs | |
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The Struggle Against Urban Crime | |
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The Politics of the Urban Poor: Conflicting Images | |
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Forms of Political Expression among the Urban Poor | |
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Individual Political Behavior | |
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Collective Goals: Housing and Urban Services | |
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Radical Political Behavior | |
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Conclusion: Future Urban Growth and Democratic Politics | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Revolutionary Change | |
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Defining Revolution | |
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Underlying Causes of Revolution | |
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Inexorable Historical Forces | |
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Regime Decay | |
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Challenge from Below | |
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Causes of Revolution: A Summary | |
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Levels of Popular Support | |
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Peasants as Revolutionaries | |
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Why Peasants Rebel | |
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Which Peasants Rebel | |
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Revolutionary Leadership | |
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Revolutionaries in Power | |
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Conclusion: Revolutionary Change and Democracy | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Soldiers and Politics | |
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The Causes of Military Intervention | |
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The Nature of the Armed Forces | |
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The Nature of Civil Society | |
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Progressive Soldiers and Military Conservatives | |
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The Goals of Military Regimes | |
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Personalistic Regimes | |
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Institutional Military Regimes | |
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The Accomplishments and Failures of Military Regimes | |
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Combating Corruption | |
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Defending Corporate Interests | |
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Patterns in Military Spending | |
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Establishing Stability | |
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Economic Development | |
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Military Withdrawal from Politics | |
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New Roles for the Armed Forces | |
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Conclusion: Democracy and the Military | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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The Political Economy of Third World Development | |
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The Role of the State | |
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The Command Economy | |
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Latin American Statism | |
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East Asia's Developmental State | |
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The Neoclassical Ideal | |
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Finding a Proper Role for the State | |
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Industrialization Strategies | |
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Import-Substituting Industrialization (ISI) | |
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Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI) | |
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East and Southeast Asia's Economic Crisis | |
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The Onset of the Crisis | |
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Causes of the Asian Crisis | |
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Consequences of the 1997 Crash | |
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Implications for East Asia's Growth Model | |
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East Asia's Recovery | |
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Growth with Equity | |
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Economic Development and the Environment | |
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The Costs of Growth | |
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Environmental Decay as a Third World Problem | |
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Environmental Decay in the LDCs as a Global Problem | |
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The Search for Sustainable Development | |
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Some Signs of Progress | |
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Finding the Right Mix | |
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Conclusion: Democracy and Economic Development | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |