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List of Figures, Tables, and Photos | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction: Ways of Thinking About the United Nations and International Organizations | |
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International Organizations | |
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Theories of International Relations | |
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Realism | |
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Idealism | |
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Marxism | |
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Critical Theory and Constructivism | |
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Feminism | |
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Dependency Theory | |
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Postmodernism | |
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Other Theories | |
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The United Nations | |
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Notes | |
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The Many Places of the United Nations | |
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The UN System | |
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New York City | |
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Geneva, Switzerland | |
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Nairobi, Kenya | |
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Vienna, Austria | |
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The Hague, The Netherlands | |
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Montreal, Canada | |
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Rome, Italy | |
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Pristina, Serbia-Montenegro (Kosovo Province), and Dili, Timor-Leste | |
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The New United Nations | |
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Summary | |
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Notes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Resources for Further Research | |
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Origins and History of the United Nations | |
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Overview of Early Historical Efforts to Establish International Organization | |
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International Relations before the Twentieth Century | |
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The Concert of Europe | |
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The League of Nations and World War II | |
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The League of Nations | |
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Woodrow Wilson and the Elemental Weaknesses of the League | |
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U.S. and Allied Visions of the Post-World War II Period | |
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Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) | |
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Winston Churchill (1874-1965) | |
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Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) | |
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Three Wartime Conferences | |
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Dumbarton Oaks Conference | |
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Yalta Conference | |
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Bretton Woods Conference | |
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UN Conference on International Organization | |
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Eleanor's UN: Beyond International Peace and Security | |
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Specialized Agencies and Eleanor's UN | |
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Nongovernmental Organizations and Eleanor's UN | |
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Millennium Summit Goals and Eleanor's UN | |
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The Cold War | |
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Korea | |
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Nuclear Weapons | |
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Persisting Tensions | |
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Waning of the Cold War | |
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Iraq and the Post-Cold War United Nations | |
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September 11, 2001, and the Age of Terrorism | |
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Summary | |
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Notes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Resources for Further Research | |
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The Evolving UN Charter | |
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Contents of the Charter | |
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Amendments to the Charter | |
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Informal Modifications of the Charter | |
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Chapter VI1/2 Provisions | |
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The Cold War, Expanding Membership, and the Charter | |
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Membership | |
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North-South Relations and the United Nations | |
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National Liberation and the United Nations | |
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The Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations | |
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Evolution of International Law | |
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Financial Crisis and the Impetus for Reform | |
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The Continuing Budget Crisis | |
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Scale of Assessment and the Budget Process | |
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U.S. Nonpayment of UN Dues and the Demand for Reforms: Is the United Nations Worth It? | |
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UN Reform | |
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Efforts by Perez de Cuellar and Boutros-Ghali to Accommodate U.S. Demands for Reform | |
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Kofi Annan and the Reform "Revolution" | |
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Scandal and the United Nations | |
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Summary | |
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Notes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Resources for Further Research | |
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Evolving Institutions | |
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Coordination of the UN System | |
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Principal Organs | |
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General Assembly | |
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Security Council | |
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Economic and Social Council | |
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Trusteeship Council | |
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Secretariat | |
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International Court of Justice | |
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Specialized Agencies, Programmes and Funds, and Other Groups | |
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Specialized Agencies | |
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Programmes and Funds | |
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Other Groups | |
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New Structures on the Global Stage | |
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World Conferences | |
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The Global Compact | |
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Special Rapporteurs | |
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Human Rights Tribunals | |
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Globalization, Bretton Woods Institutions, and the United Nations | |
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Bretton Woods Conference | |
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World Bank | |
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International Monetary Fund | |
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World Trade Organization | |
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Summary | |
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Notes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Resources for Further Research | |
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Maintenance of International Peace and Security | |
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Historical Perspective on International Peace and Security | |
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The Concept of Collective Security | |
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Collective Security Provisions of the UN Charter | |
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Legal Authority for Collective Security: UN Charter Chapters VI and VII | |
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Collective Security under Cold War Conditions | |
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Uniting for Peace Resolution | |
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Emergency Special Sessions of the General Assembly | |
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Peacekeeping and Military Observer Groups | |
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Disarmament and Arms Control | |
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Changing Disarmament Priorities | |
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Post-Cold War Collective Security | |
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Smart Sanctions | |
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The UN's Longest Collective Security Crisis: The Arab-Israeli Dispute | |
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Summary | |
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Notes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Resources for Further Research | |
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Peacekeeping and Nation Building | |
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The Origination of Peacekeeping in the United Nations | |
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Important Cold War Peacekeeping Missions | |
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UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan | |
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UN Operation in the Congo | |
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UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus | |
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UN Disengagement Observer Force | |
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UN Interim Force in Lebanon | |
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Second-Generation Peacekeeping | |
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UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations | |
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Early Nation-Building Missions | |
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Later Second-Generation Peacekeeping Missions | |
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Brahimi Report | |
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Peace Building | |
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Africa | |
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Somalia | |
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The Congo | |
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Sierra Leone and Liberia | |
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Summary | |
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Notes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Resources for Further Research | |
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Making Global Public Policy: Promoting Civil Society, Human Rights, and Women's Empowerment | |
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The Emergence of Thematic Diplomacy | |
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The Age of the Nongovernmental Organization | |
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Special Rapporteurs | |
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The Global Compact | |
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Global Civil Society | |
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Human Rights | |
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The Policy Process | |
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The Judicial Process | |
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Women's Rights | |
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Securing Group Rights through Public Mobilization | |
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Research on Women | |
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Assistance to Women | |
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Summary | |
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Notes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Resources for Further Research | |
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Economic Development, the Environment, and Health Policy | |
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Backdrop to Economic Development Policy | |
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UN Conference on Trade and Development | |
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UN Development Programme | |
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The Right to Development and the Least Developed Countries | |
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The Environment and Sustainable Development | |
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UN Environment Programme | |
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Atmosphere and Climate Change | |
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Water Pollution and Marine Resources | |
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Biodiversity and Natural Resources | |
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Desertification and Deforestation | |
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International Financing | |
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Sustainable Human Development: The Fight against HIV/AIDS | |
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Summary | |
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Notes | |
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Key Terms | |
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Resources for Further Research | |
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Epilogue | |
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Appendices | |
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Charter of the United Nations | |
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights | |
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Un Member States | |
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Statute of the International Court of Justice | |
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Secretaries-General of the United Nations | |
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Selected Un Resolutions | |
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Acronyms and Abbreviations | |
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Index | |