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| Epigraph and Dedication | |
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| Preface | |
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| Race and Biological Diversity in Humans | |
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| On the (non-) existence of human races | |
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| Defining race | |
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| The nature of biological variation in Homo sapiens | |
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| The arbitrariness of the race concept | |
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| An alternative approach to the study of human diversity | |
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| A note on terminology: using the "R" word | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Works Cited | |
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| Charles Darwin and Evolutionary Theory | |
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| Darwin and the Galapagos | |
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| Scientific precursors to Darwin | |
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| The elements of the theory of natural selection | |
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| The making of The Origin | |
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| Box One: Charles Darwin on slavery | |
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| Box Two: Intelligent Design: a modern Argument from Design? | |
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| Box Three: Darwin's finches: a case study in evolution | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Works Cited | |
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| Genetics from Mendel to the Human Genome Project | |
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| Gregor Mendel and the birth of genetics | |
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| Genes, chromosomes and cell division | |
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| The Watson-Crick model of DNA | |
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| The modern synthesis and the four forces of evolution | |
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| The human genome project | |
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| Box One: Rosalind Franklin and the discovery of the structure of DNA | |
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| Box Two: A closer look at James D. Watson | |
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| Box Three: Hemophilia: the royal disease | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Works Cited | |
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| The History of the Race Concept | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The recent origins of race | |
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| Race and racial classifications | |
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| Race, inequality, and ethnocentrism | |
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| Nineteenth century views | |
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| Twentieth century anthropological views | |
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| The present and future of the race concept in anthropology | |
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| Box One: Linnaeus's 1758 classification of human races | |
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| Box Two: the UNESCO statements on race | |
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| Box Three: BiDil and the birth of racial medicine | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Works Cited | |
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| Human Adaptation: Thermoregulation and skin color | |
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| Introduction to human adaptation | |
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| A classification of adaptations | |
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| Principles of thermoregulation | |
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| Adaptation to cold environments | |
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| Adaptation to hot environments | |
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| Thermoregulation and body size and shape | |
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| Skin color and solar radiation | |
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| Then structure of skin | |
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| Biological effects of solar radiation | |
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| The evolution of skin color | |
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| Box One: How much heat is lost through evaporation of sweat? | |
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| Box Two: Albinos and Albinism | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Worked Cited | |
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| Human Adaptation: Life at High Altitude | |
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| High altitude as a human stressor | |
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| Air pressure, oxygen availability, and altitude | |
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| Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems | |
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| Acclimatization and the effects of hypoxia | |
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| Adaptive responses to hypoxia | |
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| Adaptation to high altitude in South America | |
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| Diverse adaptations to life at high altitude | |
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| Box One: Athletic competition and training at high altitude | |
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| BoxTwo: Coca and high altitude life in South America | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Works Cited | |
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| A Biocultural Examination of Nutrition, Health and Growth | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The prehistory of human diet and the Agricultural Revolution | |
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| Nutrition and malnutrition among modern populations | |
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| Malnutrition and human growth and development | |
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| Racial disparities in morbidity and mortality | |
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| Low birthweight and premature babies | |
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| Hypertension and the "slavery hypothesis" | |
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| Sickle cell anemia and malaria | |
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| Box One: Lactose Intolerance: An example of biocultural evolution | |
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| Box Two: the Agricultural Revolution | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Works Cited | |
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| Race, Intelligence, and Genetics | |
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| Race and intelligence | |
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| Linnaeus and racial stereotypes | |
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| The science of measuring intelligence | |
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| Measuring the IQ of immigrants and soldiers | |
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| Arthur Jensen and the hereditarian view restated | |
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| Return to the future:The Bell Curve | |
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| An evolutionary theory of race? | |
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| Box One: Race and Sports: A Taboo Subject? | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Works Cited | |
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| Race as a Cultural Construction | |
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| The central paradox of race | |
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| Race in American history | |
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| The Civil Rights Era (1954-1965) | |
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| Race, ethnicity, and American citizenship | |
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| Becoming American | |
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| A nation of immigrants | |
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| Affirmative action and the dream of a color-blind society | |
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| Race is a cultural construction | |
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| Postscript | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Works Cited | |