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| Preface | |
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| Introduction to Human Factors | |
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| What Is the Field of Human Factors? | |
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| An Overview of the Book | |
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| Research Methods | |
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| Introduction to Research Methods | |
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| Experimental Research Methods | |
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| Descriptive Methods | |
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| Ethical Issues | |
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| Design and Evaluation Methods | |
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| Overview of Design and Evaluation | |
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| Front-End Analysis | |
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| Iterative Design and Testing | |
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| Final Test and Evaluation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Visual Sensory Systems | |
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| The Stimulus: Light | |
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| The Receptor System: The Eyeball and the Optic Nerve | |
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| Sensory Processing Limitations | |
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| Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Processing | |
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| Depth Perception | |
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| Visual Search and Detection | |
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| Detection | |
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| Discrimination | |
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| Absolute Judgment | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Auditory, Tactile, and Vestibular System | |
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| Sound: The Auditory Stimulus | |
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| The Ear: The Sensory Transducer | |
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| The Auditory Experience | |
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| Alarms | |
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| Sound Localization | |
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| The Sound Transmission Problem | |
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| Noise Revisited | |
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| Noise Remediation | |
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| The Other Senses | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Cognition | |
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| Information Processing Models | |
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| Selective Attention | |
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| Perception | |
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| Working Memory | |
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| Long-Term Memory | |
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| Situation Awareness | |
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| Problem Solving and Troubleshooting | |
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| Planning and Scheduling | |
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| Metacognition and Effort | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Decision Making | |
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| Definition of Decision Making | |
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| Decision-Making Models | |
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| Heuristics and Biases | |
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| Dependency of Decision Making on the Decision Context | |
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| Factors Affecting Decision-Making Performance: An Integrated Description of Decision Making | |
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| Improving Human Decision Making | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Displays | |
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| Ways of Classifying Displays | |
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| Thirteen Principles of Display Design | |
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| Alerting Displays | |
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| Labels | |
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| Monitoring | |
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| Multiple Displays | |
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| Navigation Displays and Maps | |
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| Quantitative Information Displays: Tables and Graphs | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Control | |
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| Principles of Response Selection | |
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| Discrete Control Activation | |
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| Positioning Control Devices | |
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| Verbal and Symbolic Input Devices | |
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| Voice Input | |
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| Continuous Control and Tracking | |
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| Remote Manipulation or Telerobotics | |
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| Engineering Anthropometry and Workspace Design | |
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| Human Variability and Statistics | |
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| Anthropometric Data | |
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| General Principles for Workspace Design | |
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| Design of Standing and Seated Work Areas | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Biomechanics of Work | |
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| The Musculoskeletal System | |
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| Biomechanical Models | |
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| Low-Back Problems | |
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| Upper-Extremity Cumulative Trauma Disorders | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Work Physiology | |
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| Muscle Structure and Metobolism | |
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| Circulatory and Respiratory Systems | |
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| Energy Cost of Work and Workload Assessment | |
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| Physical Work Capacity and Whole-Body Fatigue | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Stress and Workload | |
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| Environmental Stressors | |
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| Psychological Stressors | |
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| Life Stress | |
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| Workload Overload | |
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| Fatigue and Sleep Disruption | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Safety, Accidents, and Human Error | |
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| Introduction to Safety and Accident Prevention | |
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| Safety Legislation | |
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| Factors That Cause or Contribute to Accidents | |
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| Hazard Identification and Control | |
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| Safety Management | |
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| Risk-Taking and Warnings | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Human-Computer Interaction | |
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| The Trouble with Computers and Software Design | |
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| Software Design Cycle: Understand, Design, and Evaluate | |
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| Understand System and User Characteristics | |
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| Design Using Theories and Models | |
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| Design to Support Mental Models with Conceptual Models and Metaphors | |
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| Design Using Principles and Guidelines | |
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| Design of User Support | |
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| Evaluate with Usability Heuristics | |
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| Evaluate with Usability Tests and Metrics | |
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| Information Technology | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Automation | |
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| Why Automate? | |
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| Problems in Automation | |
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| Function Allocation Between the Person and Automation | |
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| Human-Centered Automation | |
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| Supervisory Control and Automation-Based Complex Systems | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Transportation Human Factors | |
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| Automative Human Factors | |
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| Automotive Automation | |
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| Public Ground Transportation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Selection and Training | |
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| Personnel Selection | |
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| Performance Support and Job Aids | |
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| Supporting People with Disabilities | |
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| Training | |
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| Training Program Design | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Social Factors | |
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| Types of Systems | |
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| Groups and Teams | |
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| Characteristics of Groups, Teams, and Crews | |
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| Computer-Supported Cooperative Work | |
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| Macroergonomics and Industrial Intervention | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |