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Approaching Democracy

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ISBN-10: 0131744011

ISBN-13: 9780131744011

Edition: 5th 2007

Authors: Larry Berman, Bruce Allen Murphy

List price: $105.60
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Description:

For undergraduate courses in Introductory American Government. & Approaching Democracy & addresses the evolving nature of the American experiment in democratic government. It teaches students the theory and the basics of American political science, the political history of this nation, and provides the critical thinking skills needed to analyze& these evolving relationships. This new Teaching and Learning Classroom (TLe Edition introduces new features and incorporates more " student empowerment " tools & to reinforce how the material is relevant to students' lives today and how involved in political discourse they can become.
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Book details

List price: $105.60
Edition: 5th
Copyright year: 2007
Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 728
Size: 8.50" wide x 10.75" long x 0.75" tall
Weight: 3.234
Language: English

Boxed Features
Preface
About the Authors
Supplemental Texts and Readings for American Government
Student Tool Kit
Foundations of American Democracy
Approaching Democracy
Approaching Democracy: Si Se Puede-"It Can Be Done"
Introduction: Democracy as an Evolutionary Process
Forming a Picture of Democracy
Direct and Indirect Democracy
The Roots of Democracy
The Ideals of Democracy
Freedom and Equality
Order and Stability
Majority Rule and Protection of Minority Rights
Participation
The Elements of Democracy
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
The Founding and the Constitution
Approaching Democracy: The Senate Almost "Goes Nuclear"
Introduction: The Road to Democracy
The Seeds of American Democracy
Early Colonial Governments
Social Contract Theorists
First Moves Toward a Union
Rebellion: Causes and Consequences
The Sugar and Stamp Acts
The Townshend Revenue Acts
The Boston Massacre
Committees of Correspondence
The Boston Tea Party
Revolution and the Stirrings of a New Government
The First Continental Congress
The Shot Heard 'Round the World
The Second Continental Congress
Common Sense
The Declaration of Independence
The First New Government: A Confederation of States
The Articles of Confederation (1781-1789)
The Need for a More Perfect Union
The Constitutional Convention
The Task
The Participants
The Major Players
Plans for a New Government
Debate and Compromise: The Turning Point of the Convention
The Issue of Slavery
The Nature of the Presidency
The Miracle: Results of the Convention
A Republican Form of Government
The Governmental Powers
Horizontal Powers
Vertical Powers
The Articles of the Constitution
Ratification: The Battle for the Constitution
The Federalist Papers
Federalists versus Antifederalists
Ratification by Way of Compromise: A Bill of Rights
Politics the Old-Fashioned Way: A Look at the Battle for Ratification
Adoption of the Bill of Rights
Updating the Constitution
Updating the Constitution through the Amendment Process
Updating the Constitution by Judicial Interpretation
The Gettysburg Address and America's Approach to Democracy
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
The Constitution of the United States
Federalism
Approaching Democracy: From Wheat to Marijuana
Introduction: Federalism and Democracy
Federalism Defined
Federalism: Advantages and Disadvantages
Federalism in the Constitution
The Triad of Powers
The Division of Powers
The Development of Federalism
Debating the National Role: Hamilton Versus Jefferson
Asserting National Power: McCulloch v. Maryland
Expanding National Power Further: Gibbons v. Ogden
Asserting State Power: Nullification
Developing a System of Separation: Dual Federalism
Creating a Cooperative System: The New Deal Era
Seeking Uniformity: Federalism in the Post-New Deal Era
Federal Grants and Federal Mandates: Federalism since 1930
Balancing Federal-State Relations: Policy Innovation and Protecting Rights
State Policy Initiatives
Protection of Rights
Presidents and Federalism
Roosevelt, Truman, and Eisenhower: The Era of Cooperative Federalism, 1930-1963
Lyndon Johnson: The Era of Creative Federalism, 1963-1968
Richard Nixon's New Federalism, 1969-1974
Creative Federalism Returns under Jimmy Carter, 1977-1980
Ronald Reagan's New New Federalism, 1981-1988
The George H. W. Bush Years, 1989-1992
Bill Clinton and New(t) Federalism, 1993-2001
George W. Bush, 2001-Present
The Rehnquist Court and the Future of Federalism
Federalism and Approaching Democracy in the Twenty-First Century
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Visualizing Democracy/From Cesar Chavez to Antonio Villaraigosa
Institutions of American Democracy
Congress
Approaching Democracy: Negotiating the Legislative Labyrinth
Introduction: Congress and Democracy
The Structure and Powers of Congress
What the Framers Had in Mind
Limits on Congress's Power
The Members of Congress
Who Are the Members?
Congressional Districts
Majority-Minority Districts and the Approach to Democracy
Delegates Versus Trustees
Name Recognition and the Incumbency Factor
The Two Congresses: The Public's View of Congress
How Congress Organizes Itself
Congressional Leadership
Congressional Committees: The Laboratories of Congress
Why Does Congress Use Committees?
The Rise of Subcommittees
Decline of the Congressional Committees
Congress in Session
The Rules and Norms of Congress
How Members Make Voting Decisions
How a Bill Becomes a Law
The Congressional Agenda
Congress Considers the Bill
Obstacles to Passage of a Bill
Overcoming the Legislative Obstacles
Additional Functions of Congress
The Republican Revolution of 1994 and Beyond
Congress Toward the 2006 Election
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
The Presidency
Approaching Democracy: The Presidency of George W. Bush
Introduction: The Presidency and Democracy
The Constitutional Design
Who Is Eligible to Be President?
Presidential Powers
Functional Roles of the President
Two Views of Executive Power
Expanding Presidential Power: Moving Beyond the Constitution
Conducting Foreign Policy and Making War
Going Public
The Institutionalized Presidency
The White House Office
The Executive Office of the President
The Cabinet
The Vice Presidency
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
The Judiciary
Approaching Democracy: Changing of the Guard?
Introduction: The Courts and Democracy
The Origins and Development of Judicial Power
Creating the "Least Dangerous Branch"
Marbury v. Madison: The Source of Judicial Power
Judicial Review: The Court's Ultimate Power
Other Powers of the Supreme Court
Independence of the Judiciary
The Organization of the American Court System
Types of Courts
Types of Cases
Organization of the Federal Courts
Court Appointments: The Process and the Politics
The Supreme Court Appointment Process
The Impact of Presidential Appointments on the Supreme Court
Staffing the Lower Federal Courts
How the Supreme Court Operates
Selecting Cases
The Solicitor General: "The Government's Lawyer"
The Process of Deciding Cases
Marshaling the Court: The Opinion-Drafting Process
The Announcement of Opinions
Law Clerks: The Real Tenth Justices?
Analyzing Supreme Court Decisions
The Use of Precedent and Other Legal Factors
The Mind-Set of Individual Justices
Judicial Character
Voting Blocs
Limitations of Court Analysis
Implementing Supreme Court Decisions
The President and the Court
Congress and the Court
Court Impact at State and Local Levels
Public Opinion and the Supreme Court
The Court's Independence in Approaching Democracy
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
The Bureaucracy
Approaching Democracy: The Department of Homeland Security and the War on Terrorism
Introduction: Bureaucracy and Democracy
Background on the Bureaucracy
Growth of the Federal Bureaucracy
Evolution of the Bureaucracy: Creating the Civil Service
Meet the Bureaucracy
What the Bureaucracy Does
The Structure of the Federal Bureaucracy
Constraints on the Bureaucracy and Bureaucratic Culture
Bureaucratic Accountability
Presidential Control
Congressional Control
What the Public Thinks of the Bureaucracy
Are the Criticisms Justified?
Reforming the Bureaucracy
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Visualizing Democracy/Presidential Wars, Crises and Their Challenge to Democracy
Processes of American Democracy
Public Opinion
Approaching Democracy: Landon Defeats Roosevelt
Introduction: Public Opinion and Democracy
What Is Public Opinion?
Measuring Public Opinion
Political Socialization
The Role of Family
Schooling
Peers
Television
Social Variables that Influence Opinion Formation
Class
Income
Race and Ethnicity
Religion
Region
Gender
American Political Culture
Core Values
Political Ideology
Culture and Lifestyle
The State of American Public Opinion
Political Awareness and Involvement
How Are Political Opinions Formed?
Stability and Change in Public Opinion
How Changeable Is Public Opinion?
From Public Opinion to Public Policy
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Political Parties
Approaching Democracy: Evangelicals and the 2004 Election
Introduction: Political Parties and Democracy
A Brief History of the American Party System
The First Party System (1790s-1820s)
The Second Party System (1820s-1850s)
The Third Party System (1850s-1890s)
The Fourth Party System (1896-1932)
The Fifth Party System (1932-1968)
A Sixth Party System? 1968 to Present
"Red v. Blue": The Current Balanced Political Party System
Functions of American Political Parties
Parties Organize the Election Process
Parties Represent Group Interests
Parties Simplify Political Choices
Parties Organize Government and Policy Making
Party Organization
Parties at the Grass Roots
The Party Machine
National Party Organization
Party Similarities and Differences
Nominating a President: Parties and Elections
Nominating Candidates
Reforming the Nominating Process
Why a Two-Party System?
Institutional Factors
Cultural Factors
Party Identification
Minor Parties
Why Minor Parties Appear
Minor Party Performance
Functions of Minor Parties
The Party in Government
The Importance of Party Ideology
Political Parties and the 2008 Election
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Participation, Voting, and Elections
Approaching Democracy: The Motor-Voter Law, 1995-2005
Introduction: Political Participation and Democracy
Who Participates?
A Brief History of Voting in the United States
Voting
Voter Turnout
Explaining Turnout
Nonvoting
Who Votes?
The Gender Gap
A Voting Trend: Direct Democracy
Voting Choice
Party
Candidate Appeal
Policies and Issues
Campaigns
Other Forms of Political Participation
Campaign and Election Activities
Seeking Information
Protest, Civil Disobedience, and Violence
Congressional Elections
Presidential Coattails
Presidential Elections
The Electoral College: The Framers' Intention
The Electoral College and Strategies for Campaigning
Electoral College Reform?
Interpreting Presidential Elections
Money and Elections
Federal Matching Funds
Campaign Finance Reform
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Interest Groups
Approaching Democracy: Supreme Cyber-Battle
Introduction: Interest Groups and Democracy
Interest Groups: A Tradition in American Politics
What Is an Interest Group?
A Long History of Association
Recent Trends
Functions of Interest Groups
Interest Groups Allow for Collective Action
Interest Groups Provide Information
Types of Interest Groups
Economic Interest Groups
Public Interest Groups
Government Interest Groups
Ideological Interest Groups
Religious Interest Groups
Civil Rights Interest Groups
Single-Issue Interest Groups
Characteristics of Interest Groups
Interest Group Membership
Other Characteristics of Interest Groups
Interest Group Strategies
Lobbying
Grassroots Activity
Using the Courts and Lobbying the Political Branches
Political Action Committees
Regulation of Interest Groups
Assessing the Impact of Interest Groups
Growth of the Evangelical Christian Lobbying Movement
Lobbying in the Twenty-First Century
Toward the 2006 Election: Interest Groups and 527s
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
The Media
Approaching Democracy: A New Web of Influence: Bloggers Rewrite the Rules of Journalism
Introduction: The Media and Democracy
The Emergence of the Media
Newspapers
Magazines
Radio
Television
New Media Technologies
Functions of the Media
Surveillance
Interpretation
Socialization
Limits on Media Freedom
Regulating the Media
Prior Restraint Versus the Right to Know
Ideological Bias and Media Control
Media Ownership and Control
Media-Government Symbiosis
The Media and Elections
Press Coverage
Talk Shows
Television and Presidential Elections
Political Advertising
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Visualizing Democracy/Straddling the Red State/Blue State Divide
Liberties and Rights in American Democracy
Civil Liberties
Approaching Democracy: Reconsidering the Patriot Act
Introduction: Civil Liberties and Democracy
Defining and Examining Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
The Dawn of Civil Liberties and Civil Rights in America
A History of the Application of Civil Liberties to the States
The Fourteenth Amendment
The Clear and Present Danger Test
The Beginnings of Incorporation
Selective Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
Freedom of Religion
Establishment of Religion
Free Exercise of Religion
Freedom of Speech
Political Speech
Public Speech
Symbolic Speech
Freedom of the Press
Prior Restraint
Libel
Obscenity
Confidentiality of Sources
The Rights of Defendants
The Fourth Amendment
The Fifth and Sixth Amendments
The Eighth Amendment
The Expanding Nature of Implied Rights
Privacy
Gay Rights
The New Battleground over Gay Rights
Abortion
The Right to Die
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Civil Rights and Political Equality
Approaching Democracy: Divided We Stand: Whither Affirmative Action?
Introduction: Civil Rights and Democracy
Defining Civil Rights
Establishing Constitutional Equality
The Dred Scott Case
The Civil War and Reconstruction
Creating Legal Segregation
Separate but Equal?
The Disenfranchisement of African American Voters
Establishing Legal Equality
The White House and Desegregation
Seeking Equality in the Schools
State and Federal Responses
The Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Acts
The Supreme Court and Civil Rights
De Jure Versus De Facto Discrimination
Affirmative Action
Seeking Full Equality: Opportunity or Result?
Affirmative Action in the Reagan-Bush Era
The Future of Civil Rights
Women's Rights
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back
The Struggle for Suffrage
The Road to Equality
Seeking Equality Through the Courts
Civil Rights and Other Minorities
Hispanic Americans
Native Americans
Emerging Minority Groups Seek Prominence
Americans with Disabilities
Civil Rights and the War on Terrorism
Civil Rights and Approaching Democracy
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Visualizing Democracy/Minority Rights in America
Policy Making in American Democracy
Domestic and Economic Policy
Approaching Democracy: The First Major Achievement of a New Era
Introduction: Public and Economic Policy
Types of Policies
The Policy-Making Process
The Life Cycle of Policy Making
Joining the Public Agenda
Reaching the Formal Agenda
Implementing a Policy
Evaluating a Policy
Terminating a Policy
Continuing a Policy
Regulatory Policy
Regulating the Environment
Social Welfare Policy
The Social Security Act
The War on Poverty
Economic Policy
The Goals of Economic Policy
The Politics of the Federal Budget
The President Proposes, Congress Disposes
How the Budget Is Prepared
Taxing
Sources of Tax Dollars
Tax Reform
Spending
The Politics of International Economic Policy
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Foreign Policy
Approaching Democracy: From Operation Enduring Freedom to Operation Iraqi Freedom
Introduction: Foreign Policy and Democracy
An Overview of American Foreign Policy
Isolation and Regionalism
World War I
World War II
Globalism and the Cold War
The Post-Cold War Era
The Constitution and Foreign Policy
The President Versus Congress
The Foreign Policy Bureaucracy
The State Department
The Defense Department
The National Security Council
The CIA and Intelligence Gathering
The Agencies Behind Economic Policy Making
Democratic Checks on Foreign Policy
The Press
The Public
Summary
Review Questions
Key Terms
Suggested Readings
Visualizing Democracy/Living on Alert Since 9/11
Introducing the Concept of Approaching Democracy
Presidents and Congresses, 1789-2006
Supreme Court Justices
The Declaration of Independence
The Federalist, No. 10, James Madison
The Federalist, No. 51, James Madison
Glossary
Notes
Photo Credits
Student Guide: ABC News/Prentice Hall Videos in American Government
Index
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