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Introduction: Reading, Responding to, and Writing about Literature | |
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What Is Literature, and Why do We Study It? Types of Literatures: The Genres | |
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Reading Literature and Responding to It Actively | |
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The Necklace | |
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Reading and Responding in a Notebook or Computer File | |
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Guidelines for Reading | |
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Writing Essays on Literary Topics | |
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The Goal of Writing: To Show a Process of Thought | |
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Three Major Stages in Thinking and Writing: Discovering Ideas, Making Initial Drafts, and Completing the Essay | |
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Discovering Ideas ("Brainstorming") | |
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The Need to Present an Argument when Writing Essays about Literature | |
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Assembling Materials and Beginning to Write | |
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Drafting the Essay | |
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Writing by Hand, Typewriter, or Word-Processor | |
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Writing a First Draft | |
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Using Verb Tenses in the Discussion of Literary Works | |
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Developing an Outline | |
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Using References and Quotations | |
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Demonstrative Student Essay (First Draft): How Setting in "The Necklace" Is Related to the Character of Mathilde | |
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Developing and Strengthening Essays through Revision | |
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Checking Development and Organization | |
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Using Exact, Comprehensive, and Forceful Language | |
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Using the Names of Authors | |
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Demonstrative Student Essay (Improved Draft): How Maupassant Uses Setting in "The Necklace" to Show the Character of Mathilde | |
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Easy Commentaries | |
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Specials Topics for Writing and Argument about the Writing Process | |
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Reading and Writing about Fiction | |
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Fiction an Overview | |
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Modern Fiction | |
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The Short Story | |
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Elements of Fiction I: Verisimilitude and DonnFe | |
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Elements of Fiction II: Character, Plot, Structure, and Idea or Theme | |
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Elements of Fiction III: The Writer's Tools | |
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Stories for Study:Raymond Carver, Neighbors | |
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Night Talkers | |
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A Rose for Emily | |
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The Things They Carried | |
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Everyday Use | |
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Plot: The Motivation and Causation of Fiction | |
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Writing about the Plot of a Story | |
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Illustrative Student Essay: Plot in Faulkner's"A Rose for Emily" | |
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Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Plot in Fiction | |
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Structure: The Organization of Stories | |
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The Structure of Fiction | |
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Formal Categories of Structure | |
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Formal and Actual Structure | |
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Stories for Study:Laurie Colwin, An Old-Fashioned Story | |
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Battle Royal | |
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Katherine Mansfield | |
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A Worn Path | |
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Blue Winds Dancing | |
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Writing about Structure in a Story | |
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Illustrative Student Essay: The Structure of Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path." | |
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Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Plot and Structure | |
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Characters: The People in Fiction | |
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Character Traits | |
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How Authors Disclose Character in Literature | |
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Types of Characters: Round and Flat | |
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Reality and Probability: Verisimilitude | |
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Stories for Study:Willa Cather, Paul's Case | |
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Barn Burning | |
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A Jury of Her Peers | |
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Shopping | |
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Two Kinds | |
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Writing about Character | |
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Illustrative Student Essay: The Character of the Mother in Amy Tan's "Two Kinds" | |
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Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Character | |
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Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Narrator or Speaker | |
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An Exercise in Point of View: Reporting an Accident | |
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Conditions That Affect Point of View and Opinions | |
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Determining a Work's Point of View | |
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Mingling Points of View | |
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Point of View and Verb Tense | |
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Summary: Guidelines for Point of View | |
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Stories for Study:Alice Adams The Last Lovely City | |
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An Occurrence at OwlCreekBridge | |
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The Song | |
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