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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Assessment of the Medical Patient | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Categorize the Patient: Medical versus Trauma | |
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| Components of the Medical Assessment | |
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| Dispatch Information | |
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| Scene Size-Up | |
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| Body Substance Isolation | |
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| Scene Safety | |
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| Nature of the Illness | |
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| Number of Patients | |
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| Additional Resources | |
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| Agents of Terrorism | |
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| Entering the Scene | |
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| Physiologically Stable or Unstable Criteria | |
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| Initial Assessment | |
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| Form a General Impression | |
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| Assess Mental Status | |
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| Assess the Airway | |
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| Assess Breathing | |
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| Assess Circulation | |
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| Establish Patient Priorities | |
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| Focused History and Physical Exam | |
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| Responsive Patient | |
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| Unresponsive or Altered Mental Status Patient | |
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| Possibilities to Probabilities: Forming a Differential Field Diagnosis | |
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| Detailed Physical Exam | |
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| Ongoing Assessment | |
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| Airway Management, Ventilation, and Oxygen Therapy | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Upper Airway Anatomy | |
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| Upper Airway Physiology | |
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| Lower Airway Anatomy | |
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| Respiratory Physiology | |
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| Oxygen Supplementation | |
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| Airway Management | |
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| Ventilation Equipment and Techniques | |
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| Tracheal Intubation | |
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| Alternative Methods of Intubation | |
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| Nasotracheal Intubation | |
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| Digital Intubation | |
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| Lighted-Stylet Intubation | |
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| Alternative Airway Devices | |
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| Pharyngeotracheal Lumen Airway | |
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| Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube Airway | |
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| Laryngeal Mask Airway | |
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| Surgical Techniques of Airway Control | |
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| Percutaneous Transtracheal Jet Ventilation | |
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| Retrograde Intubation | |
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| Surgical Cricothyroidotomy | |
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| Rapid Sequence Intubation | |
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| General Procedure | |
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| Sedative Agents | |
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| Neuromuscular Blockade | |
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| Guidelines for Airway and Ventilation Support | |
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| Patient Assessment | |
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| Patient Monitoring | |
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| IV Access and Medication Administration | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Medication Administration | |
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| Medication Administration Methods | |
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| Venous Access | |
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| Decision Making | |
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| Peripheral and Central Lines | |
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| Performing Venipuncture | |
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| Intraosseous Infusion | |
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| Delivering Medication by Injection | |
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| Intramuscular Injection | |
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| Subcutaneous Injection | |
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| Other Methods of Medication Administration | |
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| Tracheal Administration | |
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| Sublingual Administration | |
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| Oral Administration | |
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| Rectal Administration | |
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| Hypoperfusion (Shock) | |
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| Defining Hypoperfusion and Shock | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology of Tissue Perfusion | |
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| Heart | |
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| Vessels | |
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| Blood | |
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| Pathophysiology of Shock | |
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| The Classic Stages of Shock | |
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| Differential Diagnosis | |
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| Hypovolemic Shock | |
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| Obstructive Shock | |
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| Distributive Shock | |
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| Cardiogenic Shock | |
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| Factors Affecting Shock | |
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| Assessment Priorities | |
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| Initial Assessment | |
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| Focused History and Physical Exam | |
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| Management Priorities | |
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| Presence of Pulmonary Edema | |
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| Dyspnea, Respiratory Distress, or Respiratory Failure | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Determining the Severity of Respiratory Distress or Failure | |
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| Scene Size-Up | |
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| Initial Assessment | |
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| Focused History and Physical Exam | |
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| Differential Diagnosis and Management Priorities | |
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| Airway Obstruction | |
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| Respiratory Diseases | |
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| Cardiac Diseases | |
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| Neuromuscular Disorders | |
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| Other Causes of Dyspnea | |
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| Chest Discomfort or Pain | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Initial Approach to Chest Discomfort or Pain | |
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| Immediate Priorities | |
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| Focused History and Physical Exam | |
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| Differential Diagnosis and Management Priorities | |
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| Acute Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Unstable Angina | |
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| Aortic Dissection | |
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| Pulmonary Embolism | |
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| Esophageal Disruption | |
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| Cardiac Tamponade | |
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| Simple Pneumothorax/Tension Pneumothorax | |
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| Pericarditis | |
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| Costochondritis | |
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| Pleurodynia | |
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| Gastrointestinal Diseases | |
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| Mitral Valve Prolapse | |
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| Altered Mental Status | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Terminology and Altered Mental Status | |
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| The Pathophysiology of Altered Mental Status | |
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| The Cerebrum | |
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| The Reticular Activating System | |
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| Structural and Metabolic Alterations | |
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| General Assessment and Management of Altered Mental Status | |
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| Scene Size-Up | |
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| Initial Assessment | |
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| Focused History and Physical Exam | |
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| Adjunctive Equipment and Interventions | |
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| Ongoing Assessment | |
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| Differential Diagnosis: Intracranial Causes of Altered Mental Status | |
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| Traumatic Head Injuries | |
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| Stroke | |
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| Cranial Infection | |
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| Seizure Activity | |
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| Intracranial Tumor | |
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| Differential Diagnosis: Extracranial Causes of Altered Mental Status | |
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| Pulmonary Causes | |
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| Cardiac Causes | |
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| Diabetes Mellitus | |
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| Hepatic Encephalopathy | |
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| Uremic Encephalopathy | |
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| Acidosis and Alkalosis | |
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| Electrolyte Imbalances | |
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| Thyroid Disorders | |
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| Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Korsakoff's Syndrome | |
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| Toxic Encephalopathies | |
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| Environmental Causes | |
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| Shock | |
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| Acute Abdominal Pain | |
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| When the Chief Complaint Is Abdominal Pain | |
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| Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology of the Abdomen | |
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| Pathophysiology of Abdominal Pain | |
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| Differential Diagnosis | |
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| Right Hypochondriac Region | |
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| Epigastric Region | |
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| Left Hypochondriac Region | |
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| Umbilical and Hypogastric Regions | |
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| Right and Left Lumbar Regions | |
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| Right Iliac Region | |
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| Left Iliac Region | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Scene Size-Up and Initial Assessment | |
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| Focused History and Physical Exam | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Palliation of Pain | |
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| Gastrointestinal Bleeding | |
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| Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology | |
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| Characteristics of Blood in the GI Tract | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Seizures and Seizure Disorders | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Consciousness | |
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| Classification and Terminology | |
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| Generalized Seizures | |
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| Partial Seizures | |
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| Pathophysiology | |
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| Differential Diagnosis | |
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| Central Nervous System Injury or Dysfunction | |
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| Metabolic Disorders | |
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| Infectious Diseases | |
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| Assessment and Management Priorities | |
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| Scene Size-Up | |
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| Initial Assessment | |
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| Focused History and Physical Exam | |
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| Ongoing Assessment | |
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| Syncope | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Pathophysiology | |
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| Mechanisms of Syncope | |
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| Cardiocirculatory Syncope | |
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| Metabolic Syncope | |
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| Neurologic Syncope | |
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| Miscellaneous Causes of Syncope | |
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| Patient Assessment and Differential Diagnosis | |
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| Scene Size-Up and Initial Assessment | |
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| Focused History and Physical Exam | |
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| Prehospital Management | |
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| Headache, Nausea, and Vomiting | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Headache | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology | |
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| Tension-Type Headache | |
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| Migraine | |
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| Patient Assessment | |
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| Differential Diagnosis | |
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| Management Priorities | |
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| Nausea and Vomiting | |
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| Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome | |
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| Patient Assessment | |
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| Differential Diagnosis | |
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| Management Priorities | |
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| Putting It All Together: Scenarios | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Scenarios | |
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| Difficulty Breathing | |
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| Difficulty Breathing | |
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| Shock | |
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| Shock | |
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| Abdominal Pain | |
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| Altered Mental Status | |
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| Altered Mental Status | |
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| Chest Pain | |
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| Sudden-Onset Paraplegia | |
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| Unconscious Woman | |
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| Pharmacology Index | |
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| Electrocardiographic Interpretation | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology Illustrations | |
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| Normal Laboratory Values | |
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| Index | |