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| Introduction and Data Collection | |
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| Using Statistics: Good Tunes | |
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| Basic Concepts of Statistics | |
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| The Growth of Statistics and Information Technology | |
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| How This Text Is Organized | |
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| The Importance of Collecting Data | |
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| Identifying Sources of Data | |
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| Types of Data | |
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| Levels of Measurement and Types of Measurement Scales | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Using Software | |
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| Presenting Data in Tables and Charts | |
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| Using Statistics: Comparing the Performance of Mutual Funds | |
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| Tables and Charts for Categorical Data | |
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| The Summary Table | |
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| The Bar Chart | |
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| The Pie Chart | |
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| The Pareto Diagram | |
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| Organizing Numerical Data | |
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| The Ordered Array | |
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| The Stem-and-Leaf Display | |
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| Tables and Charts for Numerical Data | |
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| The Frequency Distribution | |
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| The Relative Frequency Distribution and the Percentage Distribution | |
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| The Cumulative Distribution | |
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| The Histogram | |
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| The Polygon | |
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| The Cumulative Percentage Polygon (Ogive) | |
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| Cross Tabulations | |
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| The Contingency Table | |
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| The Side-by-Side Bar Chart | |
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| Scatter Diagrams and Time Series Plots | |
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| The Scatter diagram | |
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| The Time series plot | |
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| Misusing Graphs and Ethical Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Tables and Charts | |
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| Numerical Descriptive Measures | |
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| Using Statistics: Comparing the Performance of Mutual Funds | |
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| Measures of Central Tendency, Variation, and Shape | |
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| The Mean | |
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| The Median | |
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| The Mode | |
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| Quartiles | |
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| The Geometric Mean | |
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| The Range | |
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| The Interquartile Range | |
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| The Variance and Standard Deviation | |
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| The Coefficient of Variation | |
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| Shape | |
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| Visual Explorations: Exploring Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Microsoft Excel Descriptive Statistics Output | |
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| Minitab Descriptive Statistics Output | |
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| Descriptive Numerical Measures for a Population | |
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| The Population Mean | |
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| The Population Variance and Standard Deviation | |
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| The Empirical Rule | |
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| The Chebychev Rule | |
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| Computing Descriptive Numerical Measures from a Frequency Distribution | |
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| Exploratory Data Analysis | |
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| The Five-Number Summary | |
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| The Box-and-Whisker Plot | |
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| The Covariance and the Coefficient of Correlation | |
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| The Covariance | |
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| The Coefficient of Correlation | |
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| Pitfalls in Numerical Descriptive Measures and Ethical Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Basic Probability | |
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| Using Statistics: The Consumer Electronics Company | |
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| Basic Probability Concepts | |
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| Sample Spaces and Events | |
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| Contingincy Tables and Venn Diagrams | |
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| Simple (Marginal) Probability | |
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| Joint Probability | |
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| General Addition Rule | |
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| Conditional Probability | |
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| Computing Conditional Probabilities | |
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| Decision Trees | |
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| Statistical Independence | |
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| Multiplication Rule | |
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| Bayes' Theorem | |
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| Counting Rules | |
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| Ethical Issues and Probability | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Basic Probability | |
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| Some Important Discrete Probability Distributions | |
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| Using Statistics: The Accounting Information System of the Saxon Plumbing Company | |
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| The Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random Variable | |
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| Expected Value of a Discrete Random Variable | |
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| Variance and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable | |
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| Covariance and Its Application in Finance | |
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| The Covariance | |
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| The Expected Value, Variance, and Standard Deviation of the Sum of Two Random Variables | |
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| Portfolio Expected Return and Portfolio Risk | |
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| Binomial Distribution | |
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| Poisson Distribution | |
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| Hypergeometric Distribution | |
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| CD ROM Topic : Using the Poisson Distribution to Approximate the Binomial Distribution | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for the Covariance and for Discrete Probability Distributions | |
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| The Normal Distribution and Other Continuous Distributions | |
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| Using Statistics: Download Time for a Web Site Home Page | |
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| Continuous Probability Distributions | |
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| The Normal Distribution | |
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| Evaluating Normality | |
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| Evaluating the Properties | |
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| Constructing the Normal Probability Plot | |
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| The Uniform Distribution | |
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| The Exponential Distribution | |
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| The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution | |
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| Need for a Correction for Continuity Adjustment | |
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| Approximating the Binomial Distribution | |
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| Computing a Probability Approximation for an Individual Value | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software with Continuous Probability Distributions | |
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| Sampling Distributions | |
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| Using Statistics: The Oxford Cereal Company Packaging Process | |
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| Sampling Distributions | |
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| Sampling Distribution of the Mean | |
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| The Unbiased Property of the Sample Mean | |
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| Standard Error of the Mean | |
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| Sampling from Normally Distributed Populations | |
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| Sampling from Nonnormally Distributed Populations The Central Limit Theorem | |
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| Sampling Distribution of the Proportion | |
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| Types of Survey Sampling Methods | |
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| Simple Random Sample | |
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| Systematic Sample | |
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| Stratified Sample | |
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| The Cluster Sample | |
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| Evaluating Survey Worthiness | |
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| Survey Errors | |
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| Ethical Issues | |
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| CD ROM Topic Sampling from Finite Populations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Sampling Distributions | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimation | |
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| Using Statistics: Auditing Invoices at the Saxon Home Improvement Company | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimation of the Mean (�� Known) | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimation of the Mean (�� Unknown) | |
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| Student's t Distribution | |
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| The Concept of Degrees of Freedom | |
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| The Confidence Interval Statement | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimation for the Proportion | |
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| Determining Sample Size | |
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| Sample Size Determination for the Mean | |
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| Sample Size Determination for the Proportion | |
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| Applications of Confidence Interval Estimation in Auditing | |
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| Estimating the Population Total Amount | |
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| Difference Estimation | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimation and Ethical Issues | |
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| CD ROM Topic: Estimation and Sample Size Determination for Finite Populations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Confidence Interval Estimation | |
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| Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Using Statistics: The Oxford Cereal Company Packaging Process | |
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| Hypothesis-Testing Methodology | |
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| The Null and Alternative Hypotheses | |
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| The Critical Value of the Test Statistic | |
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| Regions of Rejection and Nonrejection | |
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| Risks in Decision Making using Hypothesis Testing Methodology | |
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| Z Test of Hypothesis for the Mean (�� Known) | |
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| The Critical Value Approach to Hypothesis Testing | |
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| The p-Value Approach to Hypothesis Testing | |
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| A Connection between Confidence Interval Estimation and Hypothesis Testing One-Tailed Tests | |
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| One-Tail Tests | |
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| The Critical Value Approach | |
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| The p-Value Approach | |
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| t Test of Hypothesis for the Mean (�� Unknown) | |
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| Z Test of Hypothesis for the Proportion | |
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| The Power of a Test | |
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| Potential Hypothesis-Testing Pitfalls and Ethical Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis | |
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| Two-Sample Tests | |
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| Comparing The Means of Two Independent Samples | |
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| Z test for the Difference between Two Means | |
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| Pooled - Variance test for the Difference between Two Means | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimate for the Difference between the Means of two Independent Groups | |
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| Separate - Variance test for the Difference between Two Means | |
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| Comparing the Means of Two Related Populations | |
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| The Paired Test | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimate for the Mean Difference | |
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| Comparing Two Population Proportions | |
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| Z Test for the Difference between Two Proportions | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimate for the Difference between Two Proportions | |
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| F Test for the Difference between Two Variances | |
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| Finding Lower-Tail Critical Values | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis for Numerical Data | |
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| Analysis of Variance | |
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| Using Statistics: The Perfect Parachute Company | |
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| The Completely Randomized Design: One-Way Analysis of Variance | |
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| F Test for Differences in More than Two Means | |
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| Multiple Comparisons: The Tukey-Kramer Procedure | |
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| ANOVA Assumptions | |
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| Levene's Test for Homogeneity of Variance | |
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| The Randomized Block Design | |
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| Tests for the Treatment and Block Effects | |
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| Multiple Comparisons: The Tukey Procedure | |
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| The Factorial Design: Two-Way Analysis of Variance | |
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| Testing for Factor and Interaction Effects | |
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| Interpreting Interaction Effects | |
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| Multiple Comparisons: The Tukey Procedure | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for ANOVA | |
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| Chi-Square Tests and Nonparametric Tests | |
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| Using Statistics: Guest Satisfaction at T. C. Resort Properties | |
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| Chi-Square Test for Differences between Two Proportions (Independent Samples) | |
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| Chi-Square Test for Differences among More than Two Proportions | |
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| Chi-Square Test of Independence | |
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| McNemar Test for the Difference between Two Proportions (Related Samples) | |
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| Chi-Square Test for a Variance or Standard Deviation | |
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| Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Tests | |
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| Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test for the Poisson Distribution | |
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| Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test for the Normal Distribution | |
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| Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: Nonparametric Analysis for Two Independent Populations | |
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| Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test: Nonparametric Analysis for Two Related Populations | |
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| Kruskal-Wallis Rank Test: Nonparametric Analysis for the One-Way Design | |
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| Friedman Rank Test: Nonparametric Analysis for the Randomized Block Design | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Chi-Square Tests and Nonparametric Tests | |
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| Simple Linear Regression | |
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| Using Statistics: Forecasting Sales at the Sunflowers Clothing Stores | |
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| Types of Regression Models | |
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| The Least-Squares Method | |
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| Visual Explorations: Exploring Simple Linear Regression Coefficients | |
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| Predictions in Regression Analysis: Interpolation versus Extrapolation | |
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| Measures of Variation | |
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| Computing the Sum of Squares | |
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| The Coefficient of Determination | |
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| Standard Error of the Estimate | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Residual Analysis | |
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| Evaluating the Assumptions | |
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| Measuring Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson Statistic | |
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| Residual Plots to Detect Autocorrelation | |
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| The Durbin-Watson Statistic | |
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| Inferences about the Slope and Correlation Coefficient Test for the Slope | |
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| F Test for the Slope | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimate for the Slope | |
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| t Test for the Correlation Coefficient | |
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| Estimation of Predicted Values | |
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| The Confidence Interval Estimate | |
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| The Prediction Interval | |
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| Pitfalls in Regression and Ethical Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Simple Linear Regression | |
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| Introduction to Multiple Regression | |
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| Using Statistics: Predicting OmniPower Sales | |
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| Developing the Multiple Regression Model | |
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| Interpreting the Regression Coefficients | |
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| Predicting the Dependent Variable Y | |
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| R2, Adjusted R2, and the Overall F test 000 | |
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| Coefficients of Multiple Determination | |
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| Test for the Significance of the overall Multiple Regression Model | |
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| Residual Analysis for the Multiple Regression Model | |
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| Inferences Concerning the Population Regression Coefficients | |
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| Test of Hypothesis | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimation | |
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| Testing Portions of the Multiple Regression Model | |
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| Coefficient of Partial Determination | |
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| Using Dummy-Variables and Interaction Terms in Regression Models | |
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| Interactions | |
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| Logistic Regression | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Multiple Regression | |
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| Multiple Regression Model Building | |
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| Using Statistics: Predicting Standby Hours for Unionized Artists | |
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| The Quadratic Regression Model | |
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| Finding the Regression Coefficients and Predicting Y | |
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| Testing for the Significance of the Quadratic Effect | |
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| Testing the Quadratic Effect | |
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| The Coefficient of Multiple Determination | |
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| Using Transformations in Regression Models | |
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| The Square Root Transformation | |
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| The Log Transformation | |
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| Influence Analysis | |
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| Collinearity | |
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| Model Building | |
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| The Stepwise Regression Approach to Model Building | |
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| The Best-Subsets Approach to Model Building | |
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| Model Validation | |
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| Pitfalls in Multiple Regression and Ethical Issues | |
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| Pitfalls in Multiple Regression | |
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| Ethical Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Multiple Regression Model Building | |
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| Time-Series Forecasting and Index Numbers | |
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| Using Statistics: Forecasting Revenues for Three Companies | |
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| The Importance of Business Forecasting | |
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| Component Factors of the Classical Multiplicative Time-Series Model | |
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| Smoothing the Annual Time Series | |
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| Moving Averages | |
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| Exponential Smoothing | |
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| Least-Squares Trend Fitting and Forecasting | |
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| The Linear Trend Model | |
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| The Quadratic Trend Model | |
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| The Exponential Trend Model | |
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| The Holt-Winters Method for Trend-Fitting and Forecasting | |
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| Autoregressive Modeling for Trend Fitting and Forecasting | |
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| Choosing an Appropriate Forecasting Model | |
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| Performing a Residual Analysis | |
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| Measuring the Magnitude of the Residual Error through Squared or Absolute Differences | |
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| Principle of Parsimony | |
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| Time-Series Forecasting of Monthly or Quarterly Data | |
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| Least-Squares Forecasting with Monthly or Quarterly Data | |
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| Index Numbers | |
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| The Price Index | |
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| Aggregate Price Indexes | |
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| Weighted Aggregate Price Indexes | |
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| Paasche Price Index | |
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| Some Common Price Indexes | |
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| Pitfalls Concerning Time-Series Analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Time-Series Forecasting and Index Numbers | |
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| Decision Making | |
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| Using Statistics: Selecting Stocks | |
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| Payoff Tables and Decision Trees | |
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| Criteria for Decision Making | |
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| Expected Monetary Value | |
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| Expected Opportunity Loss | |
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| Return-to-Risk Ratio | |
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| Decision Making with Sample Information | |
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| Utility | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Decision Making | |
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| Statistical Applications in Quality and Productivity Management | |
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| Total Quality Management | |
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| Six Sigma�“ Management | |
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| The Theory of Control Charts | |
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| Control Chart for the Proportion of Nonconforming Items The p Chart | |
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| The Red Bead Experiment: Understanding Process Variability | |
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| Control Chart for an Area of Opportunity the c Chart | |
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| Control Charts for the Range and the Mean | |
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| The R Chart: A Control Chart for Dispersion | |
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| The Chart | |
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| Process Capability | |
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| Customer Satisfaction and Specification Limits | |
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| Capability Indices | |
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| CPL, CPU, Cpk | |
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| Summary | |
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| Using Software for Control Charts | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Problems | |
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| Answers to Even-Numbered Problems | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Review of Arithmetic and Algebra | |
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| Summation Notation | |
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| Statistical Symbols and Greek Alphabet | |
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| CD-ROM Contents | |
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| |
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| Tables | |
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| |
| |
| Configuring and Customizing Microsoft Excel For Use With This Text | |
| |
| |
| |
| PHStat2 User's Guide | |
| |
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| Index | |
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| CD-ROM Topics | |