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| Foreword | |
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| To the Reader | |
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| Defining Criticism, Theory, and Literature | |
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| Listening to a Conversation | |
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| Eavesdropping on a Literature Classroom | |
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| Can a Text Have More Than One Interpretation? | |
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| How to Become a Literary Critic | |
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| What Is Literary Criticism? | |
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| What Is literary Theory? | |
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| Making Meaning from Text | |
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| The Reading Process and Literary Theory | |
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| What Is Literature? | |
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| Literary Theory and the Definition of Literature | |
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| The Function of Literature and Literary Theory | |
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| Beginning the Formal Study of Literary Theory | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| A Historical Survey of Literary Criticism | |
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| Plato (c. 427-347 B.C.E.) | |
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| Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) | |
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| Horace (65-8 B.C.E.) | |
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| Longinus (First Century C.E.) | |
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| Plotinus (204-270 C.E.) | |
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| Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) | |
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| Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) | |
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| Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586) | |
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| John Dryden (1631-1700) | |
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| Joseph Addison (1672-1719) | |
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| Alexander Pope (1688-1744) | |
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| William Wordsworth (1770-1850) | |
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| Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) | |
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| Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (1828-1893) | |
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| Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) | |
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| Henry James (1843-1916) | |
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| Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975) | |
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| Modern Literary Criticism | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Russian Formalism and New Criticism | |
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| Russian Formalism | |
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| Bridging the Gap Between Russian Formalism and New Criticism | |
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| Applying Russian Formalism to a Literary Text | |
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| New Criticism | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Critiques and Responses | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Student Essay: Hilary S. Brautigam, Controlled Passion | |
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| Reader-Oriented Criticism | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Critiques and Responses | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Student Essay: Ian J. Galloway, The Child Grandmother | |
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| Modernity and Postmodernism: Structuralism and Deconstruction | |
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| Modernity | |
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| Poststructuralism or Postmodernism | |
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| Modernity to Modernism | |
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| Historical Development of Structuralism | |
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| Assumptions of Structuralism | |
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| Methodologies of Structuralism | |
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| Deconstruction Theory: From Structuralism to Poststructuralism | |
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| Deconstruction: Historical Development | |
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| Deconstructions' Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Deconstructive Suppositions for Textual Analysis | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Critiques and Responses | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Structuralism | |
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| Deconstruction | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Sample Essays | |
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| Student Essay I (Structuralist Approach): Matthew G. Hepler, A Disconnect of Appearance and Reality: The Binaries of "Rappaccini's Daughter" | |
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| Student Essay II (Deconstructive Approach): Danielle M. Bowers, Choosing Between Two Roads: Deconstructing Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken" | |
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| Psychoanalytic Criticism | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| The Present State of Psychoanalytic Criticism | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodologies | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Critiques and Responses | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Student Essay: Brandon W. Hawk, Anima and Reality in Poe's "Ligeia" | |
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| Feminism | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Feminism in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s | |
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| Present-day Feminist Criticisms | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Critiques and Responses | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Student Essay: Lori Huth, Throwing Off the Yoke: "Rip Van Winkle" and Women | |
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| Marxism | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Marxist Theorists Today | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Critiques and Responses | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Student Essay: Matthew S. Lasher, Heaven's Last Gleaming | |
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| Cultural Poetics or New Historicism | |
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| A New-Critical Lecture | |
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| Old Historicism | |
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| New Historicism | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Cultural Materialism | |
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| New Historicism | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| What Cultural Poetics Rejects | |
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| What Cultural Poetics Does and Accepts | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Critiques and Responses | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Student Essay: Anna L. Kruse, Done Yesterday: A New Historicist Reading of Wilfred Owen's "Dulce et Decorum Est" | |
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| Cultural Studies: Postcolonialism, African-American Criticism, and Queer Theory | |
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| Postcolonialism: "The Empire Writes Back" | |
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| African-American Criticism | |
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| Queer Theory | |
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| Critiques and Responses | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Student Essay: Benjamin K. Walker, The Empire Fights Back: Spectral Persecution and the Nightmare of Decolonization in Kipling's "At the End of the Passage" | |
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| Literary Selections | |
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| "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer" (1816) | |
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| "Rappaccini's Daughter" (From the Writings of Aubepine; 1844) | |
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| "Young Goodman Brown" | |
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| "The Road Not Taken" | |
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| "Ligeia" | |
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| "Dulce et Decorum Est" (1920) | |
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| "At the End of the Passage" | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |