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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Media Contributors | |
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| Reviewers | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| General Computer Information | |
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| Informatics in the Health Care Professions | |
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| Data, Information, and Knowledge | |
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| The Nurse as Knowledge Worker | |
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| The Significance of Good Information Management | |
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| The Definition and Evolution of Informatics | |
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| Informatics Competencies for Nurses | |
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| Applications of Nursing Informatics | |
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| Nursing Practice | |
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| Nursing Administration | |
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| Nursing Education | |
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| Nursing Research | |
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| The Current Status of Health Care Delivery | |
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| Patient Safety | |
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| The Nursing Shortage | |
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| Pressure to Implement Information Technology | |
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| Consumer Demands for Quality and Cost-Effective Care | |
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| Research | |
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| Managed Care | |
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| Benefits of Nursing Informatics for Other Health Care Professionals | |
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| Nursing Informatics as a Specialty Area of Practice | |
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| The Role of the Informatics Nurse | |
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| The Future of Nursing Informatics | |
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| Case Study Exercise | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Hardware, Software, and the Roles of Support Personnel | |
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| Hardware | |
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| Input Devices | |
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| Central Processing Unit | |
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| Secondary Storage | |
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| Output Devices | |
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| Computer Categories | |
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| Peripheral Hardware Items | |
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| Networks | |
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| How Computers Work | |
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| Selection Criteria | |
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| User Needs | |
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| Physical Constraints | |
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| Mobile and Wireless Computing | |
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| Software | |
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| Operating Systems | |
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| Application Software | |
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| Utility Programs | |
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| Roles of Support Personnel | |
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| Superuser | |
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| Call Desk and Help Desk Personnel | |
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| Microcomputer or PC Specialist | |
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| Analyst | |
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| Clinical Liaison | |
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| Programmer | |
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| Network Administrator | |
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| Trainer | |
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| Security Officer | |
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| Chief Information Officer | |
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| Webmaster | |
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| Chief Privacy Officer | |
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| Chief E-health Officer | |
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| Compliance Officer | |
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| Disaster Planning and Recovery Officer | |
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| Interface Engineer | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Ensuring the Quality of Information | |
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| Data Integrity | |
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| Ensuring Correct Data Collection and Entry | |
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| Data Management | |
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| Data Storage | |
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| Outsourcing Data Management and Storage | |
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| Data Retrieval | |
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| Data Exchange | |
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| Characteristics of Quality Information | |
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| Data Mining | |
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| Data Cleansing | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Electronic Communication and the Internet | |
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| The Internet | |
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| E-mail | |
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| File Transfer | |
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| The World Wide Web | |
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| Browsers | |
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| Search Tools | |
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| Listservs | |
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| News Groups | |
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| Bulletin Board Systems | |
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| Access to Health Care Information and Services | |
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| Professional Information Sharing | |
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| Online Publications and Journals | |
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| Marketing Services | |
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| E-health | |
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| Concerns Related to the Use of the Internet | |
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| Firewalls | |
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| Web Security | |
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| Organizational Policy | |
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| Overload | |
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| Viral Contamination | |
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| Intranets and Extranets | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Health Care Information Systems | |
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| Health Care Information Systems | |
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| Clinical Information Systems | |
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| Nursing Information Systems | |
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| Clinician Information Systems | |
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| Monitoring Systems | |
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| Order Entry Systems | |
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| Laboratory Systems | |
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| Radiology Systems | |
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| Pharmacy Systems | |
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| Other Clinical Systems | |
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| Administrative Systems | |
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| Registration Systems | |
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| Scheduling Systems | |
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| Decision Support and Expert Systems | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Strategic Planning | |
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| The Mission | |
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| Goals and Objectives | |
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| Developing Strategies | |
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| Strategic Planning for Information Systems | |
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| Steps of the Strategic Planning Process | |
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| Identification of Goals and Scope | |
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| Scanning the External and Internal Environments | |
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| Data Analysis | |
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| Identification of Potential Solutions | |
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| Selecting a Course of Action | |
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| Implementation | |
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| Ongoing Evaluation and Feedback | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Selecting a Health Care Information System | |
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| Needs Assessment | |
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| The Steering Committee | |
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| Consultants | |
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| Developing a Common Vision | |
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| Understanding the Current System | |
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| Determining System Requirements | |
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| System Selection | |
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| Additional Sources of Information | |
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| Request for Information | |
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| Request for Proposal | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| System Implementation and Maintenance | |
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| System Implementation | |
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| Develop an Implementation Committee | |
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| Install the System | |
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| Analyze Hardware Requirements | |
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| Develop Procedures and Documentation | |
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| Testing | |
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| Provide Training | |
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| Go-Live Planning | |
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| Common Implementation Pitfalls | |
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| Maintenance | |
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| User Feedback and Support | |
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| System Maintenance | |
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| Technical Maintenance | |
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| The Information System's Life Cycle | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Information Systems Training | |
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| Identification of Training Needs | |
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| User Needs | |
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| Training Class Content | |
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| Class Schedules | |
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| Hardware and Software Requirements | |
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| Training Costs | |
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| Training Center | |
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| Training Approaches | |
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| Proficiency Testing | |
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| Additional Training Considerations | |
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| Training Students | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Information Security and Confidentiality | |
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| Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security | |
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| Information System Security | |
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| Security Risks | |
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| Security Mechanisms | |
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| Physical Security | |
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| Passwords and Other Means of Authentication | |
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| Firewalls | |
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| Application Security | |
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| Antivirus Software | |
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| Spyware Detection Software | |
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| Administrative and Personnel Issues | |
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| Levels of Access | |
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| User Authentication | |
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| Personnel Issues | |
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| System Security Management | |
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| Audit Trails | |
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| Handling and Disposal of Confidential Information | |
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| Computer Printouts | |
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| Faxes | |
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| Electronic Files | |
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| E-mail and the Internet | |
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| Web-Based Applications for Health Care | |
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| Electronic Storage | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| System Integration | |
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| Interfaces | |
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| Integration Issues | |
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| The Need for Integration Standards | |
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| Data Dictionary | |
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| Master Patient Index | |
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| Uniform Language | |
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| Data Exchange Standards | |
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| Benefits of Integration | |
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| Integration Implications for Nursing | |
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| Emerging Integration Solutions | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| The Electronic Health Record | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Historical Developments | |
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| Benefits of the EHR | |
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| General Benefits | |
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| Nursing Benefits | |
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| Physician Benefits | |
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| Health Care Enterprise Benefits | |
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| Current Status of the EHR | |
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| Considerations When Implementing the EHR | |
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| Data Integrity | |
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| Ownership of the Patient Record | |
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| Privacy and Confidentiality | |
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| Electronic Signature | |
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| Smart Cards | |
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| CHINs | |
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| Considerations for the Future | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Regulatory and Accreditation Issues | |
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| Privacy and Confidentiality Legislation | |
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| The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act | |
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| Other Privacy Legislation | |
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| Accreditation and Reimbursement Issues | |
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| Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations | |
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| Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities | |
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| Reimbursement Issues | |
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| HIPAA Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Transactions Rule | |
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| Quality Initiatives | |
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| Special Facility Issues | |
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| Geriatric and Long-Term Facilities | |
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| Psychiatric Facilities | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Contingency Planning and Disaster Recovery | |
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| What Is Contingency Planning? | |
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| Steps of the Contingency Planning Process | |
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| Advantages of Contingency Planning | |
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| Disasters versus System Failure | |
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| Environmental Disasters | |
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| Human Error | |
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| Sabotage, Cybercrime, Terrorism, and Bioterrorism | |
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| System or Equipment Failure | |
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| Continuity and Recovery Options | |
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| Backup and Storage | |
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| Manual versus Automated Alternatives | |
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| Salvaging Damaged Records | |
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| Restarting Systems | |
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| Planning Pitfalls | |
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| Using Post-Disaster Feedback to Improve Planning | |
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| Legal and Accreditation Requirements | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Specialty Applications | |
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| Using the Computer to Support Health Care Education | |
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| Instructional Applications of Computer Technology | |
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| Computer-Assisted Instruction | |
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| Competency-Based Training | |
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| Multimedia | |
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| Teleconferencing | |
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| Distance Education | |
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| Web-Based Instruction (WBI) | |
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| E-learning | |
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| Computer Labs | |
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| Audiences for Computer-Enhanced Education | |
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| Formal Nursing Education | |
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| Continuing Education | |
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| Client Education | |
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| Issues Related to Computer-Enhanced Education | |
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| Educational Opportunities in Nursing Informatics | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Telehealth | |
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| Terms Related to Telehealth | |
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| Teleconferencing | |
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| Videoconferencing | |
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| Desktop Videoconferencing | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Driving Forces | |
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| Applications | |
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| Online Databases and Tools | |
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| Education | |
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| Continuing Education | |
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| Home Health Care | |
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| Disease Management | |
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| Legal and Privacy Issues | |
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| HIPAA, Referral, and Payment | |
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| Support Personnel | |
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| Liability | |
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| Licensure Issues | |
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| Confidentiality/Privacy | |
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| Other Telehealth Issues | |
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| Establishing a Telehealth Link | |
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| Formulating a Telehealth Plan | |
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| Building the Supporting Framework | |
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| Human Factors | |
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| Equipment | |
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| Telehealth Costs | |
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| Technology Issues | |
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| Telenursing | |
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| Future Development | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Research | |
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| Using Computers to Support Research | |
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| Identification of Research Topics | |
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| Literature Searches | |
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| Data Collection Tools | |
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| Data Analysis | |
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| Data Presentation: Graphics | |
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| Online Access to Databases | |
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| Impediments to Health Care Research | |
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| Unified Language Efforts | |
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| Multi-institutional Research | |
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| Research in Real Time | |
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| Collaborative Research | |
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| Dissemination of Research Findings | |
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| The Implications of HIPAA for Health Care Research | |
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| Students Using Computers for Research | |
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| Case Study Exercises | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Internet Primer | |
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| Career Resources on the Internet | |
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| Case Study Exercises--Suggested Responses | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |