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| Preface | |
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| How to Make a Decision with Statistics | |
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| Introduction--Statistics and the Scientific Method | |
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| Decisions, Decisions | |
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| The Language of Statistical Decision Making | |
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| What's in the Bag? | |
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| Significant versus Important | |
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| Producing Data | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Why Sample? | |
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| The Language of Sampling | |
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| Good Data? | |
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| Simple Random Sampling | |
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| Stratified Random Sampling | |
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| Systematic Sampling | |
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| Cluster Sampling | |
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| Multistage Sampling | |
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| Observational Studies and Experiments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Why Study Studies? | |
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| The Language of Studies | |
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| Understanding Observational Studies | |
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| Understanding Experiments | |
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| Reading with a Critical Eye | |
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| What about Ethics? | |
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| Summarizing Data Graphically | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Are We Summarizing? | |
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| Displaying Distributions--Qualitative Variables | |
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| Displaying Distributions--Quantitative Variables | |
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| Guidelines for Plots, Graphs, and Pictures | |
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| Summarizing Data Numerically | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Measuring Center | |
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| Measuring Variation or Spread | |
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| Linear Transformations and Standardization | |
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| Using Models to Make Decisions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Why Do We Need to Know Models? | |
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| Modeling Continuous Variables | |
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| Modeling Discrete Variables | |
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| Is There a Relationship? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Two Quantitative Variables | |
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| When Scatterplots Don't Work: Two Qualitative Variables | |
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| How to Measure Uncertainty with Probability | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Probability? | |
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| Simulating Probabilities | |
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| The Language of Probability | |
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| Random Variables | |
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| Sampling Distributions: Measuring the Accuracy of Sample Results | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sampling Distribution of a Sample Proportion | |
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| Bias and Variability | |
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| Sampling Distribution of a Sample Mean | |
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| Making Decisions with Confidence | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Making Decisions about a Population Proportion | |
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| Making Decisions about a Population Mean | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimation: For a Proportion | |
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| Confidence Interval Estimation: For a Mean | |
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| Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Comparing Two Treatments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Paired Samples versus Independent Samples | |
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| Paired Samples | |
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| Independent Samples: Comparing Means | |
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| Independent Samples: Comparing Proportions | |
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| Comparing Many Treatments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Analysis of Variance | |
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| The F-Test Statistic and the F-distribution | |
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| ANOVA: Letting the Computer Do the Work! | |
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| How Do We Get the Mean Squares? | |
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| What Does Reject H[subscript 0] in ANOVA Mean? (And What Doesn't It Mean?) | |
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| Analysis of Count Data | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Chi-Square Statistic | |
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| Test of Goodness of Fit | |
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| Test of Homogeneity | |
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| Test of Independence | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises | |
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| Index | |