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| (NOTE: Each chapter begins with Focus on Learning and concludes with The Chapter in Review, Key Terms, Questions for Review, Testing What You Have Learned, and Internet Companion.) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A View of Earth | |
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| The Earth Sciences | |
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| Resources and Environmental Issues | |
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| The Nature of Scientific Inquiry | |
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| Studying Earth Science | |
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| Earth Materials | |
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| Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks | |
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| Minerals Versus Rocks | |
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| Composition and Structure of Minerals | |
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| Properties of Minerals | |
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| Mineral Groups | |
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| Mineral Resources | |
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| Rocks: Materials of the Lithosphere | |
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| The Rock Cycle | |
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| Igneous Rocks: “Formed by Fire | |
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| ” Weathering of Rocks to Form Sediment | |
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| Sedimentary Rocks: Compacted and Cemented Sediment | |
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| Chemical Sedimentary Rocks | |
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| Metamorphic Rocks: Changed in Form | |
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| Earth''s External Processes | |
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| Landscapes Fashioned by Water | |
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| Earth''s External Processes | |
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| Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity | |
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| The Water Cycle | |
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| Running Water | |
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| Base Level | |
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| Work of Streams | |
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| Stream Valleys | |
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| Floods and Flood Control | |
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| Drainage Basins and Patterns | |
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| Water Beneath the Surface | |
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| Distribution and Movement of Groundwater | |
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| Springs | |
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| Wells | |
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| Artesian Wells | |
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| Environmental Problems of Groundwater | |
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| The Geologie Work of Groundwater | |
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| Glacial and Arid Landscapes | |
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| Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles | |
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| How Glaciers Move | |
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| Glacial Erosion | |
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| Glacial Deposits | |
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| Glaciers of the Ice Age | |
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| Some Indirect Effects of Ice Age Glaciers | |
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| Deserts | |
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| Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Desert Landscape | |
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| Wind Erosion | |
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| Wind Deposits | |
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| Earth''s Internal Processes | |
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| Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory | |
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| Continental Drift: An Idea before Its Time | |
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| Plate Tectonics: A Modern Version of an Old Idea | |
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| Plate Boundaries | |
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| Testing the Plate Tectonics Model | |
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| The Driving Mechanism: Still Under Investigation | |
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| Restless Earth: Earthquakes, Geologic Structures, and Mountain Building | |
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| What Is an Earthquake? | |
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| Earthquake Waves | |
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| Finding Where Earthquakes Occur | |
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| Earthquake Magnitude | |
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| Destruction from Earthquakes | |
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| Earthquakes East of the Rockies | |
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| Can Earthquakes Be Predicted? | |
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| Earthquakes and Earth''s Interior | |
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| Geologic Structures | |
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| Fires Within: Igneous Activity | |
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| The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions | |
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| What Is Extruded During Eruptions? Volcano Types | |
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| Volcanic Landforms | |
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| Intrusive Igneous Activity | |
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| Igneous Activity and Plate Tectonics | |
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| Deciphering Earth''s History | |
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| Geologic Time | |
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| Some Historical Notes about Geology | |
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| Relative Dating—Key Principles | |
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| Correlation of Rock Layers | |
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| Fossils: Evidence of Past Life | |
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| Dating with Radioactivity | |
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| The Geologic Time Scale | |
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| Difficulties in Dating the Geologic Time Scale | |
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| The Global Ocean | |
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| Oceans: The Last Frontier | |
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| The Vast World Ocean | |
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| Composition of Seawater | |
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| The Ocean''s Layered Structure | |
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| Mapping the Ocean Floor | |
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| Continental Margins | |
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| Submarine Canyons and Turbidity Currents | |
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| Deep Ocean Basin Floor | |
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| Mid-Ocean Ridges | |
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| Coral Reefs and Atolls | |
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| Seafloor Sediments | |
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| The Restless Ocean | |
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| Surface Currents | |
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| Deep-Ocean Circulation | |
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| Tides | |
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| Waves Modify the Shoreline | |
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| Wave Erosion | |
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| Wave Refraction | |
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| Moving Sand along the Beach | |
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| Shoreline Features | |
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| Shoreline Erosion Problems | |
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| Emergent and Submergent Coasts | |
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| The Atmosphere | |
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| Heating the Atmosphere | |
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| Weather and Climate | |
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| Composition of the Atmosphere | |
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| Height and Structure of the Atmosphere | |
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| Earth-Sun Relationships | |
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| Mechanisms of Heat Transfer | |
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| Paths Taken by Incoming Solar Radiation | |
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| Heating the Atmosphere: The Greenhouse Effect | |
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| Global Warming | |
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| Temperature Measurement and Data | |
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| Why Temperatures Vary: The Controls of Temperature | |
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| Clouds and Precipitation | |
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| Changes of State | |
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| Humidity: Water Vapor in the Air | |
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| The Basis of Cloud Formation: Adiabatic Cooling | |
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| Processes That Lift Air | |
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| The Weathermaker: Atmosphere Stability | |
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| Condensation and Cloud Formation | |
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| Fog | |
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| Precipitation | |
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| The Atmosphere in Motion | |
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| Understanding and Measuring Air Pressure | |
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| Air Pressure and Wind | |
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| Cyclones and Anticyclones | |
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| General Circulation of the Atmosphere | |
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| Circulation in the Midlatitudes | |
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| Local Winds | |
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| How Wind Is Measured | |
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| Weather Patterns and Severe Weather | |
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| Air Masses | |
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| Fronts | |
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| The Middle-Latitude Cyclone | |
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| Thunderstorms | |
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| Tornadoes | |
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| Hurricanes | |
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| Earth''s Place in the Universe | |
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| The Nature of the Solar System | |
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| Ancient Astronomy | |
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| The Birth of Modern Astronomy | |
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| The Planets: An Overview | |
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| Origin of the Solar System | |
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| Earth''s Moon | |
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| The Planets: A Short Tour | |
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| Minor Members of the Solar System | |
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| Beyond the Solar System | |
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| Properties of Stars | |
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| Interstellar Matter | |
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| Stellar Evolution | |
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| Stellar Remnants | |
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| The Milky Way Galaxy | |
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| Galaxies | |
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| Red Shifts | |
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| The Big Bang | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| Metric and English Units Compared | |
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| Mineral Identification Key | |
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| Relative Humidity and Dew Point Tables | |
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| Earth''s Grid System | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |