| |
| |
| I | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definition and Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Some Basic Characteristics of Science | |
| |
| |
| Defining Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis | |
| |
| |
| A Brief Outline of the Development of Applied Behavior Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Definition of Applied Behavior Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Concepts | |
| |
| |
| Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Environment | |
| |
| |
| Respondent Behavior and Respondent Conditioning | |
| |
| |
| Operant Behavior and Operant Conditioning | |
| |
| |
| Basic Principles and Applied Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Kinds of Stimuli That Reinforce and Punish | |
| |
| |
| The Three-Term Contingency | |
| |
| |
| The Complexity of Human Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Obstacles to Control of Behavior in Applied Settings | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Selection, Definition, and Measurement of Behavior Change Target | |
| |
| |
| |
| Selecting and Defining Target Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Role of Assessment in Applied Behavior Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Methods and Issues in Gathering Behavioral Assessment Data | |
| |
| |
| Considerations in Selecting a Target Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Prioritizing Possible Target Behaviors | |
| |
| |
| Defining the Target Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Setting Criteria for Behavior Change | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring and Recording Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Direct Measurement of Permanent Products | |
| |
| |
| Direct Observation Recording | |
| |
| |
| Reporting Data Collected | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Planning and Directing Observational Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Scheduling Continuous and Sample Observations | |
| |
| |
| Selecting Times for Observation | |
| |
| |
| Establishing the Duration of Observation Sessions | |
| |
| |
| Planning Sampling Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Observation Codes | |
| |
| |
| Interobserver Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Establishing Interobserver Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Considerations in Using Interobserver Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Sources of Influence on the Agreement and Accuracy of Measurement | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Evaluation and Analysis of Behavior Change | |
| |
| |
| |
| Production and Interpretation of Graphic Data Displays | |
| |
| |
| Benefits of Graphic Display of Behavioral Data | |
| |
| |
| Line Graphs | |
| |
| |
| Other Types of Graphs Used in Applied Behavior Analysis | |
| |
| |
| How to Construct Graphs | |
| |
| |
| How to Interpret Graphs | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Analysis | |
| |
| |
| The Scientific Examination of Behavior: Some Basic Conceptions and Assumptions | |
| |
| |
| Components of Experimental Design | |
| |
| |
| Baseline Data | |
| |
| |
| Baseline Logic | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reversal and Alternating Treatments Design | |
| |
| |
| Reversal Designs | |
| |
| |
| Alternating Treatment Design | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multiple Baseline and Changing Criterion Designs | |
| |
| |
| Multiple Baseline Design | |
| |
| |
| Changing Criterion Design | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Planning, Replicating, and Evaluating Research in Applied Behavior Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Planning Research in Applied Behavior Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Internal Validity: Controlling Potential Sources of Confounding in an Experimental Design | |
| |
| |
| External Validity: The Role of Replication in Applied Behavior Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Evaluating Research in Applied Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Increasing Existing Behavior | |
| |
| |
| |
| Operant Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Genetic Inheritance | |
| |
| |
| Definition of Operant Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Positive Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Negative Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Types of Potential Reinforcers | |
| |
| |
| Selecting Potential Reinforcers | |
| |
| |
| Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Guidelines for Using Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Summary.12. Schedules of Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Use of Continuous and Intermittent Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Basic Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Ratio Schedules | |
| |
| |
| Interval Schedules | |
| |
| |
| Complex Schedules of Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Adjunctive Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stimulus Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stimulus Control | |
| |
| |
| Antecedent Stimuli | |
| |
| |
| Stimulus Generalization | |
| |
| |
| Development of Stimulus Control with Differential Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| Concept Formation | |
| |
| |
| Factors Affecting the Development of Stimulus Control | |
| |
| |
| Response and Stimulus Prompts | |
| |
| |
| Transfer of Stimulus Control | |
| |
| |
| Discriminative and Motivational Functions of Stimuli | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Developing New Behavior | |
| |
| |
| |
| Behavioral ShapingDefinition and Illustration of Behavior Shaping | |
| |
| |
| Behavioral Shaping Across and Within Different Response Topographies | |
| |
| |
| Increasing the Efficiency of Behavioral Shaping | |
| |
| |
| Guidelines for Selecting and Implementing Behavioral Shaping | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Behavioral Chai | |