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Origin And Transport Of Sedimentary Materials | |
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Weathering, Soils, and Paleoclimates | |
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Subaerial Weathering Processes | |
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Physical Weathering | |
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Chemical Weathering | |
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Weathering Rates | |
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Products of Subaerial Weathering | |
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Submarine Weathering Processes and Products. Soils | |
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Soil-Forming Processes | |
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Soil Profiles and Soil Classification | |
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Palesols | |
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Recognition of Palesols | |
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Paleoclimates | |
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Paleoclimate Indicators. | |
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Causes of Climatic Variations—Forcing Factors | |
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Influence of Climate on the Sedimentary Record | |
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Paleoclimate Modeling | |
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Major Paleoclimatic Patterns on Earth | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Transport and Deposition of Siliciclastic Sediment | |
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Fundamentals of Fluid Flow | |
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Types of Fluids | |
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Laminar versus Turbulent Flow | |
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Reynolds Number | |
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Velocity Profile and Bed Roughness | |
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Boundary Shear Stress | |
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Froude Number | |
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Particle Transport by Fluids | |
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Particle Entrainment by Currents | |
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Role of Particle Settling Velocity in Transport | |
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Sediment Loads and Transport Paths | |
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Sediment Transport and Bedform Generation | |
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Transport by Wind | |
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Transport by Glacial Ice | |
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Deposits of Fluid Flows | |
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Particle Transport by Sediment Gravity Flows | |
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Turbidity Currents | |
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Liquefied Flows | |
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Grain Flows | |
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Debris Flows and Mud Flows | |
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Physical Properties Of Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Sedimentary Textures | |
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Grain Size | |
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Grain-Size Scales | |
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Measuring Grain Size | |
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Graphical and Mathematical Treatment of Grain-Size Data | |
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Application and Importance of Grain-Size Data | |
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Particle Shape | |
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Particle Form | |
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Roundness | |
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Surface Texture | |
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Fourier Shape Analysis | |
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Fabric | |
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Grain Orientation | |
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Grain Packing, Grain-to-Grain Relations, and Porosity | |
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Sedimentary Structures | |
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Kinds of Primary Sedimentary Structures | |
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Stratification and Bedforms | |
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Bedding and Lamination | |
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Ripples and Cross-Bedding | |
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Ripple Cross-Lamination | |
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Flaser and Lenticular Bedding | |
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Hummocky Cross-Stratification | |
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Irregular Stratification | |
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Bedding-Plane Markings | |
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Markings Generated by Erosion and Deposition | |
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Markings Generated by Deformation: Load Casts | |
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Biogenic Structures | |
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Bedding-Plane Markings of Miscellaneous Origin | |
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Other Structures | |
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Sandstone Dikes and Sills. | |
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Structures of Secondary Origin | |
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Paleocurrent Analysis from Sedimentary Structures | |
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Composition, Classification, And Diagenesis Of Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Siliciclastic Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Sandstones | |
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Framework Mineralogy | |
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Mineral Cements | |
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Chemical Composition | |
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Classification of Sandstones | |
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Sandstone Maturity | |
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General Characteristics of Major Classes of Sandstones | |
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Conglomerates | |
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Particle Composition | |
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Classification | |
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Origin and Occurrence of Conglomerates | |
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Shales | |
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Composition | |
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Classification | |
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Origin and Occurrence of Shales | |
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Provenance Significance of Mineral Compositions | |
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Diagenesis | |
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Stages and Realms of Diagenesis | |
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Major Diagenetic Processes and Effects | |
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Carbonate Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Elemental Chemistry | |
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Mineralogy | |
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Limestone Textures | |
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Carbonate Grains | |
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Microcrystalline Calcite | |
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Sparry Calcite | |
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Dolomite Textures | |
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Structures in Carbonate Rocks | |
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Classification of Carbonate Rocks | |
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Origin of Carbonate Rocks | |
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Limestone | |
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The Role of Organisms in Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate | |
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Dolomites | |
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Other Factors Affecting Early Dolomization | |
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Diagenesis | |
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Regimes of Carbonate Diagenesis | |
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Major Diagenetic Processes and Changes | |
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Summary Results of Carbonate Diagenesis | |
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Other Chemical/Biochemical and Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Evaporites | |
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Composition | |
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Kinds of Evaporites | |
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Origin of Evaporite Deposits | |
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Diagenesis of Evaporites | |
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Siliceous Sedimentary Rocks (Cherts) | |
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Mineralogy and Texture | |
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Chemical Composition | |
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Varieties of Chert | |
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Bedded Chert | |
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Nodular Cherts | |
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Origin of Cherts | |
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Iron-Bearing Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Kinds of Iron-Rich Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Iron-Formations | |
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Ironstones | |
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Iron-Rich Shales | |
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Miscellaneous Iron-Rich Sediments | |
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Origin of Iron Formations and Ironstones | |
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Sedimentary Phospohrites | |
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Composition of Phosphorites | |
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Characteristics of Phosphate Deposits | |
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Principal Kinds of Phosphorite Deposits | |
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Origin of Phosphorites | |
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Summary of Phosphorite Deposition | |
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An Alternate View | |
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Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rocks: Coal, Oil Shale, Bitumens | |
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Introduction | |
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Kinds of Organic Matter in Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Classification of Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Oil Shale (Kerogen Shale) | |
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Petroleum and Natural Bitumins | |
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Depositional Environments | |
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Principles of Environmental Interpretation and Classification | |
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Concept of Environment | |
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Sedimentary Processes and Products | |
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Sedimentary Process and Response | |
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Facies Associations | |
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Basic Tools of Environmental Analysis | |
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Classification of Depositional Environments | |
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Facies Models | |
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Definition of Models | |
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Types of Facies Models | |
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Construction and Use of Models | |
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Continental Environments | |
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Fluvial Systems | |
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Alluvial Fans. River Systems | |
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Eolian Desert Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Transport and Depositional Process | |
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Deposits of Modern Deserts | |
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Kinds of Eolian Systems | |
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Bounding Surfaces in Eolian Deposits | |
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Ancient Desert Deposits | |
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Lacustrine Systems | |
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Origin and Size of Lakes | |
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Sedimentation Processes in Lakes | |
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Characteristics of Lacustrine Deposits | |
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Recognition of Ancient Lake Deposits | |
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Examples of Ancient Lake Deposits | |
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Glacial Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Environmental Setting | |
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Transport and Deposition in Glacial Environments | |
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Glacial Facies | |
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Continental Ice Facies | |
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Marine Glacial Facies | |
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Vertical Facies Successions | |
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Ancient Glacial Deposits | |
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Marginal Marine Environments | |
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Delta | |