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Preface | |
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Using the Internet to Study the Legislative Process | |
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Legislatures and Legislators in the Political System | |
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The Legislative Task | |
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Discontent over the Legislature | |
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The Functions of the Legislature | |
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A Bill Becomes a Law | |
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Notes | |
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Legislative Structures and Powers | |
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The Constitutional Status of the American Legislature | |
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Organizing the Legislature | |
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Presiding Officers | |
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Rules of Procedure | |
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The Legislative Body: Size, Terms of Members, and Sessions | |
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Bicameralism | |
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Structure, Powers, and Policy | |
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Notes | |
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Representation and Apportionment | |
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Representatives and Represented | |
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The Representative System | |
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The Malapportionment Issue | |
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The Struggle for Equitable Apportionment | |
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Notes | |
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Legislators and the Electoral Process | |
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Recruitment of Legislators | |
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The Nominating Process | |
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Congressional and Legislative Elections | |
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Financing Congressional Campaigns | |
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Elections and the Legislature | |
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Notes | |
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The Legislators | |
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Social and Occupational Backgrounds of American Legislators | |
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Legislative Experience: Tenure and Turnover | |
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Pay and Perquisites | |
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Privileges and Immunities | |
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Legislators' Adaptation to the Legislature | |
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Legislators and Legislative Norms | |
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Legislator and Legislature | |
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Notes | |
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The Legislative Structure for Decision Making | |
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The Committee System | |
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The Role of Committees | |
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The Representativeness of Committees | |
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Kinds of Committees | |
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Committee Jurisdiction | |
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Committee Members and Committee Chairs | |
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Committee Staffs | |
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Notes | |
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Committees at Work | |
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Committee Hearings | |
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Investigating Committees | |
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Committee Sessions | |
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Committee Decisions | |
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Committee Power | |
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Notes | |
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Debate and Decision Making on the Floor | |
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From Committee to Floor | |
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The Rules Committee of the House of Representatives | |
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The Amending Process | |
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Debate | |
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Casting the Vote | |
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The Multiple Points of Decision Making | |
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Notes | |
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Legislatures, Parties, and Interests | |
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Political Parties and the Legislative Process | |
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Legislative Party Organization | |
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Party Influence on Legislation | |
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Party Responsibility in Congress | |
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Notes | |
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Interest Groups and the Legislative Process | |
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Interest-Group Politics in America | |
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The Lobbyists | |
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Major Access Points in the Legislative Process | |
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Special Techniques Used by Lobbies | |
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Grass-Roots Lobbying | |
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Pressures on the Parties | |
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The Effectiveness of Interest-Group Tactics | |
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Factors in the Effectiveness of Interest Groups | |
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Legislator-Lobbyist Relations | |
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Regulation of Lobbying | |
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Interest Groups and Democratic Government | |
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Notes | |
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Interaction with the Executive and the Courts | |
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The Chief Executive as Legislator | |
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Societal Conditions and Executive Influence | |
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The Legal Base for Executive Influence | |
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Partisan Politics and Executive Influence | |
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The Personal Dimension of Executive Leadership | |
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The Effectiveness of Executive Influence: Overview | |
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The Effectiveness of Executive Influence: The Problem of Measurement | |
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Conclusions and Tendencies | |
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Notes | |
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Legislative Oversight of Bureaucracy | |
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Politics, Policy, and Administration | |
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What Do Legislators Oversee, and How? | |
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Legislative Oversight: Goals and Effectiveness | |
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Notes | |
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Legislative-Judicial Relations | |
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Courts and Legislatures: Comparison and Contrast | |
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The Courts: Personnel, Structure, Procedures | |
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Legislatures, Courts, and the Separation of Powers | |
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Legislatures, Courts, and Public Policy | |
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Legislative Reaction to Court Decisions | |
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Legislatures, Courts, and the Political Process | |
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Notes | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Legislative Process: Problems and Perspectives | |
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Efforts to Reform the Legislature | |
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The Continuing Problems | |
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Conclusion | |
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Notes | |
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Index | |