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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Measurement Theory | |
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| Electrical Quantities | |
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| Resistance | |
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| Polarity | |
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| Direct Current | |
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| Power | |
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| Alternating Current | |
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| RMS Value | |
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| Average Value | |
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| Crest Factor | |
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| Phase | |
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| AC Power | |
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| Nonsinusoidal Waveforms | |
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| Harmonics | |
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| Square Wave | |
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| Pulse Train | |
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| Combined DC and AC | |
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| Modulated Signals | |
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| Decibels | |
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| Absolute Decibel Values | |
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| Measurement Error | |
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| The Loading Effect | |
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| The Voltage Divider | |
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| Maximum Voltage Transfer | |
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| Maximum Power Transfer | |
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| Impedance | |
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| Instrument Inputs | |
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| Bandwidth | |
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| Rise Time | |
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| Bandwidth Limitation on Square Wave | |
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| Digital Signals | |
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| Logic Families | |
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| References | |
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| Voltmeters, Ammeters, and Ohmmeters | |
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| Meters | |
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| DC Voltmeters | |
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| AC Voltmeters | |
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| RF Probes | |
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| Ammeters | |
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| Ammeter Used as a Voltmeter | |
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| Voltmeter Used as an Ammeter | |
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| Current-Sense Resistor | |
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| AC Ammeter | |
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| Ohmmeters | |
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| Voltmeter--Ammeter Method | |
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| Series Ohmmeter | |
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| Current--Source Method | |
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| 4-Wire Ohms Measurements | |
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| Multimeters | |
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| Meter Range | |
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| Other Multimeter Functions | |
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| Specifications | |
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| References | |
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| Signal Sources | |
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| Circuit Model | |
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| Floating and Grounded Outputs | |
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| Sine Wave Sources | |
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| Imperfections in Sine Wave Sources | |
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| Function Generators | |
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| Pulse Generators | |
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| RF Signal Generators | |
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| Summary of Signal Sources | |
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| References | |
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| Oscilloscopes | |
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| The Oscilloscope Concept | |
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| Analog Scope Block Diagram | |
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| Digital Scope Block Diagram | |
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| Sample Rate | |
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| Real-Time Sampling | |
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| Repetitive Sampling | |
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| Triggering | |
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| Acquisition/Sweep Control | |
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| Vertical Amplifier | |
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| Vertical Resolution | |
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| AC and DC Coupling | |
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| Bandwidth Limit | |
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| X-Y Display Mode | |
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| High Impedance Inputs | |
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| 50-[Omega] Inputs | |
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| Digital Acquisition and Display Techniques | |
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| Oscilloscope Specifications | |
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| Scopesmanship | |
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| Mixed Signal Oscilloscope | |
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| Oscilloscope Probes | |
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| Probe Compensation | |
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| Active Probes | |
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| Differential Measurements | |
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| High-Voltage Probe | |
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| Current Probes | |
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| References | |
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| Oscilloscope Measurements | |
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| Basic Waveform Measurements | |
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| Voltage Gain Measurement | |
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| Phase Measurements | |
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| Frequency Measurement (Lissajous Method) | |
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| Digital Signal Measurement | |
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| Frequency Response Measurement | |
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| Square Wave Test | |
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| Linearity Measurement | |
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| Curve Tracer Measurement Technique | |
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| Diode I-V Characteristic | |
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| Resistor I-V Characteristic | |
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| Amplitude Modulation Measurement | |
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| Power Measurement | |
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| FFT Measurements | |
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| Basic Time Domain Reflectometry | |
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| References | |
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| Electronic Counters | |
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| Basic Frequency Counter | |
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| Frequency Dividers | |
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| Period Measurement | |
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| Reciprocal Counter | |
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| Universal Counter | |
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| Gated Counter Measurements | |
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| Timebase Accuracy | |
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| Input Impedance | |
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| Frequency Counter Specifications | |
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| Time Interval Analyzer | |
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| References | |
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| Power Supplies | |
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| Power Supplies | |
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| Circuit Model | |
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| Constant-Voltage Operation | |
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| Constant-Current Operation | |
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| CV-CC Operation | |
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| Overvoltage/Overcurrent Protection | |
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| Remote Sensing | |
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| Measurement Capability | |
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| Power Supply Specifications | |
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| References | |
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| Spectrum and Network Analyzers | |
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| Spectrum Analyzers | |
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| Bank-of-Filters Spectrum Analyzer | |
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| FFT Spectrum Analyzers | |
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| Wavemeters | |
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| Resolution Bandwidth | |
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| Narrowband and Broadband Measurements | |
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| Swept Spectrum Analyzers | |
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| Spectrum Analyzer Measurements | |
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| Network Analyzers | |
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| Distortion Analyzers | |
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| RF Power Measurements | |
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| RF Power Meter | |
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| References | |
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| Logic Analyzers | |
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| Logic Probes | |
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| Oscilloscope Logic Measurements | |
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| Logic Analyzers | |
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| Timing Analyzer | |
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| Glitch Detect | |
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| Digital Logic Test Example | |
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| State Analyzer | |
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| Data Formats | |
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| State Display | |
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| Timing Display | |
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| Microprocessor Measurement | |
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| Storage Qualification | |
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| Trigger Events and Sequencing | |
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| Microprocessor Program Flow | |
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| Logic Analyzer Probing | |
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| Combined Scope and Logic Analyzer | |
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| PC-Hosted Logic Analyzer | |
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| References | |
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| Circuits for Electronic Measurements | |
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| Resistance Measurement--Indirect Method | |
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| Output Resistance | |
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| Input Resistance | |
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| Bridge Measurements | |
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| RL and RC Circuits | |
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| Resonant Circuits | |
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| Diode Measurement Circuit | |
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| Instrument Connections | |
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| Attenuators | |
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| Power Splitters and Combiners | |
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| Measurement Filters | |
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| References | |
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| Table of Electrical Parameters, Units, and Standard Abbreviations | |
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| Mathematical Derivations of Equations | |
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| Average (Mean) Value of a Waveform | |
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| RMS Value of Waveform | |
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| Full-Wave Rectified Average Value of a Waveform | |
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| Bandwidth and Rise Time for a Single-Pole System | |
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| Frequency Response Due to Coupling Capacitor | |
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| Polar and Rectangular Formats | |
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| Resonant Frequency | |
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| Binary, Hexadecimal, Decimal, and ASCII Table | |
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| Index | |