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| Preface | |
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| Basic Imaging Principles Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| History of Medical Imaging | |
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| Physical Signals | |
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| Imaging Modalities | |
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| Projection Radiography | |
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| Computed Tomography | |
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| Nuclear Medicine | |
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| Ultrasound Imaging | |
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | |
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| Summary and Key Concepts | |
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| Signals and Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Signals | |
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| Point Impulse | |
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| Line Impulse | |
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| Comb and Sampling Functions | |
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| Rect and Sinc Functions | |
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| Exponential and Sinusoidal Signals | |
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| Separable Signals | |
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| Periodic Signals | |
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| Systems | |
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| Linear Systems | |
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| Impulse Response | |
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| Shift Invariance | |
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| Connections of LSI Systems | |
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| Separable Systems | |
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| Stable Systems | |
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| The Fourier Transform | |
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| Properties of the Fourier Transform | |
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| Linearity | |
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| Translation | |
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| Conjugation and Conjugate Symmetry | |
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| Scaling | |
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| Rotation | |
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| Convolution | |
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| Product | |
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| Separable Product | |
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| Parsevalrsquo;s Theorem | |
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| Separability | |
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| Transfer Function | |
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| Circular Symmetry and the Hankel Transform | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Sampling Signal Model | |
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| Nyquist Sampling Theorem | |
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| Anti-aliasing Filters | |
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| Summary and Key Concepts | |
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| Image Quality | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Contrast | |
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| Modulation | |
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| Modulation Transfer Function | |
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| Local Contrast | |
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| Resolution | |
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| Line Spread Function | |
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| Full Width at Half Maximum | |
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| Resolution and Modulation Transfer Function | |
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| Subsystem Cascade | |
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| Resolution Tool | |
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| Temporal and Spectral Resolution | |
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| Noise | |
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| Random Variables | |
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| Continuous Random Variables | |
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| Discrete Random Variables | |
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| Independent Random Variables | |
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| Signal-to-Noise Ratio | |
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| Amplitude SNR | |
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| Power SNR | |
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| Differential SNR | |
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| Nonrandom Effects | |
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| Artifacts | |
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| Distortion | |
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| Accuracy | |
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| Quantitative Accuracy | |
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| Diagnostic Accuracy | |
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| Summary and Key Concepts | |
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| Radiographic Imaging | |
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| Overview | |
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| Physics of Radiography | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Ionization | |
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| Atomic Structure | |
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| Electron Binding Energy | |
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| Ionization and Excitation | |
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| Forms of Ionizing Radiation | |
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| Particulate Radiation | |
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| Electromagnetic Radiation | |
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| Nature and Properties of Ionizing Radiation | |
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| Primary Energetic Electron Interactions | |
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| Primary Electromagnetic Radiation Interactions | |
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| Attenuation of Electromagnetic Radiation | |
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| Measures of X-ray Beam Strength | |
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| Narrow Beam, Monoenergetic Photons | |
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| Narrow Beam, Polyenergetic Photons | |
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| Broad Beam Case | |
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| Radiation Dosimetry | |
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| Exposure | |
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| Dose and Kerma | |
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| Linear Energy Transfer | |
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| The f -factor | |
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| Dose Equivalent | |
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| Effective Dose | |
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| Summary and Key Concepts | |
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| Projection Radiography | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Instrumentation | |
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| X-ray Tubes | |
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| Filtration and Restriction | |
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| Compensation Filters and Contrast Agents | |
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| Grids, Airgaps, and Scanning Slits | |
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| Film-Screen Detectors | |
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| X-ray Image Intensifiers | |
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| Image Formation | |
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| Basic Imaging Equation | |
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| Geometric Effects | |
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| Blurring Effects | |
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| Film Characteristics | |
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| Noise and Scattering | |
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| Signal-to-Noise Ratio | |
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| Quantum Efficiency and Detective Quantum Efficiency | |
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| Compton Scattering | |
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| Summary and Key Concepts | |
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| Computed Tomography | |
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| Introduction | |
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| CT Instrumentation | |
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| CT Generations | |
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| X-ray Source and Collimation | |
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| CT Detectors | |
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| Gantry, Slip Ring, and Patient Table | |
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| Image Formation | |
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| Line Integrals | |
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| CT Numbers | |
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| Parallel-Ray Reconstruction | |
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| Fan-Beam Reconstruction | |
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| Helical CT Reconstruction | |
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| Cone Beam CT | |
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| Image Quality in CT | |
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| Resolution | |
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| Noise | |
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| Artifacts | |
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| Summary and Key Concepts | |
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| Nuclear Medicine Imaging | |
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| Overview | |
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| The Physics of Nuclear Medicine | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Radioactive Decay | |
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| Mass Defect and Binding Energy | |
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| Line of Stability | |
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| Radioactivity | |
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| Radioactive Decay Law | |
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| Modes of Decay | |
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| Positron Decay and Electron Capture | |
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| Isomeric Transition | |
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| Statistics of Decay | |
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| Radiotracers | |
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| Summary and Key Concepts | |
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| Planar Scintigraphy | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Instrumentation | |
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| Collimators | |
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| Scintillation Crystal | |
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| Photomultiplier Tubes | |
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| Positioning Logic | |
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| Pulse Height Analyzer | |
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| Gating Circuit | |
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| Image Capture | |
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| Image Formation | |
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| Event Position Estimation | |
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| Acquisition Modes | |
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| Anger Camera Imaging Equatio | |