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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Objectives | |
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| General Symbols and Pertinent Definitions | |
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| General Rules for Geometric Tolerancing | |
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| Free-State Variation | |
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| Restrained Features | |
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| Measurement Accuracy and Precision | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Datums | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Key Facts about Datums | |
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| Functional and Nonfunctional Datums | |
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| Simulated Datums | |
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| Qualified Datums | |
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| Contacting Functional Datums | |
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| Compound Datums | |
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| Offset Compound Datums | |
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| Equalizing Datums | |
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| Datum Targets (Nonfunctional Datums) | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Inspecting Size Tolerances | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Noncylindrical Parts | |
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| Cylindrical Features: Shafts | |
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| Cylindrical Features: Holes | |
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| Problems with Gages | |
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| Alternatives to Hard Gages | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Flatness | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Flatness Measurement: Jackscrew Method | |
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| Flatness Measurement: Wobble-Plate Method | |
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| Flatness Measurement: Fixed-Plane Methods | |
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| Flatness Measurement: Direct-Contact Method | |
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| Optical Flatness Inspection | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Straightness | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts: Straightness of Surface Elements | |
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| Key Facts: Straightness of an Axis | |
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| Key Facts: Straightness of a Centerplane | |
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| Straightness of Surface Elements: Cylindrical Parts | |
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| Straightness of Surface Elements: Noncylindrical Parts | |
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| Straightness of an Axis | |
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| Straightness of a Centerplane | |
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| Introduction to Functional Gaging: Straightness Examples | |
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| Straightness of an Axis: RFS | |
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| Straightness of a Centerplane at MMC | |
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| Straightness of a Centerplane (RFS) | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Circularity | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| The Problem of Lobes | |
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| The Effective Size | |
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| Vee-Block Method: Outside Circularity Measurement | |
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| Vee-Anvil Micrometer: Outside Circularity Measurement | |
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| Bore Gage Method: Inside Circularity Measurement | |
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| Verifying Circularity Using Runout to Centers | |
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| Rotary Table Method | |
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| Pneumatic Gages for Circularity Measurement | |
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| Precision Spindle Method | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Cylindricity | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Open-Setup Method | |
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| Cylindricity Verified Using Total Runout | |
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| Precision Spindle Method | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Parallelism | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Surface-to-Surface Parallelism: Surface-Plate Method | |
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| Axis-to-Surface Parallelism: Surface-Plate Method | |
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| Axis-to-Surface Parallelism: Bonus Tolerances | |
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| Axis-to-Axis Parallelism: Surface-Plate Method | |
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| Parallelism: Secondary Alignment Datums | |
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| Parallelism: Compound Datums | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Perpendicularity | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Implied Perpendicularity | |
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| Perpendicularity: Single Surface, One Datum | |
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| Perpendicularity: Precision-Square Method | |
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| Perpendicularity: Cylindrical-Square Method | |
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| Special Indicator Stands for Perpendicularity Inspection | |
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| Perpendicularity: Right-Angle-Plate Method | |
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| Vertical Measuring Systems | |
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| Perpendicularity of an Axis (RFS) | |
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| Perpendicularity of an Axis (MMC) | |
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| Perpendicularity of an Axis to an Axis | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Angularity | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Surface-to-Surface Angularity | |
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| Measuring Angularity with a Sine Bar or Sine Plate | |
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| Sine-Bar Method: Angularity with Secondary Datums | |
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| Sine Plates | |
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| Angular-Gage-Block Method | |
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| Angularity of a Size Feature | |
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| Angularity of a Hole: Sine-Bar Method | |
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| Angularity of a Cone | |
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| Setting Compound Sine Plates | |
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| Upside-Down Use of the Sine Bar | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Circular Runout | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Circular Runout: Vee-Block Method | |
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| Circular Runout: Inside-Diameter Datums | |
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| End-Surface Circular Runout: Two Datums | |
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| Circular Runout Applied to a Cone | |
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| Circular Runout: Compound Offset Datums | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Total Runout | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Total Runout: Outside-Diameter Datum | |
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| Total Runout: Inside-Diameter Datum | |
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| Total Runout: End Surface | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Profile of a Line | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| General Measurement of Profile Tolerances | |
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| Profile Dimensioning and Tolerance Zones | |
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| Profile of a Line: No Datums | |
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| Optical Comparator Measurement | |
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| Profile of a Line Using Datums | |
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| Mechanical Gaging: Profile Tolerances | |
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| Profile: To Locate a Surface | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Profile of a Surface | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Profile of a Surface: No Datums | |
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| Profile of a Surface Using Datums | |
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| Profile for Coplanar Surfaces: Introduction | |
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| Profile for Coplanar Surfaces: Datums Applied | |
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| Profile for Coplanar Surfaces: Datums Not Applied | |
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| Quick-Check Method: Height Differences | |
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| Coplanarity Measurement: Jackscrew Method | |
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| Coplanarity: Compound Datums | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Concentricity | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Difference Between Concentricity and Runout | |
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| Differential Measurements | |
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| Concentricity Verified by Total Runout | |
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| Precision Spindle Method | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Position Tolerances | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| Coordinate ([plus or minus]) Dimensioning Versus Position Tolerancing | |
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| Conversion of Cylindrical Zones to Coordinate ([plus or minus]) Tolerances | |
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| Conversion of Coordinates to Cylindrical Zones | |
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| Bonus Tolerances | |
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| Single Feature Position Tolerance | |
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| Coaxial Features | |
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| Position: Coaxial at MMC | |
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| Feature Pattern Locations | |
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| Surface-Plate Setup | |
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| Feature-to-Feature and Perpendicularity Control | |
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| Pattern Location, Feature to Feature, and Perpendicularity | |
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| Position Tolerances: Cylindrical Parts, Tertiary Datum | |
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| Composite Position Tolerances | |
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| Bidirectional Position Tolerances | |
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| Projected Tolerance Zones | |
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| Zero Position Tolerance at MMC | |
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| Position Tolerance at LMC | |
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| Boundary Position Tolerancing | |
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| Coordinate Measuring Machines | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Symmetry | |
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| Introduction and Applications | |
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| Key Facts | |
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| An Example on a Drawing | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Introduction to Functional Gage Design | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Functional Gage Design Principles | |
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| Functional Gage Advantages and Disadvantages | |
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| Functional Gaging Costs | |
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| Basis for Decisions to Use Functional Gages | |
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| Materials Used for Functional Gages | |
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| Surface Roughness (Texture) | |
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| Gage Makers' Tolerance and Wear Allowance | |
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| Geometric Tolerances That Cannot Be "Gaged" | |
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| Part Datums and Functional Gage Interfaces | |
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| Functional Gage Interfaces for Size Feature Datums | |
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| Size Feature Datum-Virtual Condition Rule | |
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| Gage Pins | |
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| Fixed Pins Versus Sliding Pins | |
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| Functional Gage Design Examples | |
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| Alternatives to Functional Gaging | |
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| Using Functional Gages | |
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| Examples of the Three Actual Gage Designs | |
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| Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Conversion of Actual Coordinate Measurements to Position Location Diameter | |
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| Conversion from Diametral Tolerance Zone to Plus and Minus Coordinate Tolerances | |
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| Bolt Circle Chart | |
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| Differences Between ASME and ISO Standard Symbols | |
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| Other Drawing Symbols | |
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| Table of Trigonometric Functions | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Solutions to Odd-Numbered Chapter Review Questions | |
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| Index | |