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| Introduction | |
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| Sumerian, Akkadian, and Egyptian Literatures | |
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| The Pyramid Texts (funeral poems) (Egypt) (2464-2355 B.C.) | |
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| Enheduanna (poems) (Sumer) (c. 2300 B.C.) | |
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| from The Epic of Gilgamesh (epic poem) (Babylonia) (c. 2000 B.C.) | |
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| Adapa: The Man (myth) (Babylonia) (2nd millennium B.C.) | |
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| The Shipwrecked Sailor (story) (Egypt) (c. 2040-1650 B.C.) | |
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| Tale of the Doomed Prince (story) (Egypt) (c. 2040-1650 B.C.) | |
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| The Book of the Dead (spells) (Egypt) (c. 1500 B.C.) | |
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| Ancient Egyptian Love Poems (poems) (Egypt) (1554-1085 B.C.) | |
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| Biblical Literature: Old Testament, New Testament, and Intertestament | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Old Testament (11th century to 1st century B.C.) Israel | |
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| Genesis | |
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| Job | |
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| Songs of David (Psalms) | |
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| Ecclesiastes, or the Preacher | |
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| The Song of Songs | |
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| Isaiah | |
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| Daniel | |
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| Jewish Apocrypha | |
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| New Testament (55-100) | |
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| Matthew (gospel) (Israel or Syrian Antioch) (A.D. 80-110) | |
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| Mark (gospel) (Israel, Syria, Alexandria, or Rome?) (after A.D. 70) | |
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| Luke (gospel) (Place of composition unknown) (A.D. 80-85) | |
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| John (gospel) (Ephesus?) (between A.D. 80-120) | |
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| Paul (letter) (Tarsus/Jerusalem) (A.D. 5 to A.D. mid-60s) | |
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| Revelation (Ephesus or Patmos?) (apocalypse) (100?) | |
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| Intertestament: Jewish Pseudoepigrapha, Dead Sea Scrolls, Jewish-Christian Odes, Gnostic Scriptures (2nd Century B.C. to 3rd Century A.D.) | |
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| The Book of Jubilees (Israel/Alexandria) (2nd century B.C.) | |
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| The Thanksgiving Psalms (Dead Sea Scrolls) (Israel) (1st century A.D.) | |
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| Introduction to Gnosticism | |
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| The Gospel of Thomas (prophecies, proverbs, and parables of Jesus) (Syria, Palestine, or Mesopotamia) (c. A.D. 200) | |
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| The Odes of Solomon (Syria?) (2nd century) | |
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| The Hymn of the Pearl (narrative poem) (Syria?) (2nd or 3rd century) | |
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| On the Origin of the World (Gnostic genesis) (Greek/Coptic Egypt) (3rd century) | |
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| Neoplatonism | |
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| Plotinus (Neoplatonic philosophy) (Alexandria, Egypt) (205-270) | |
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| Early Arabic Literature | |
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| Al-Khansa (poems) (Arabia) (575-646) | |
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| Muallaqat (The Suspended Odes) (Arabia) (6th-early 7th centuries) | |
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| The Quran (Arabia) (7th century) | |
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| Rabia the Mystic (poems and miracle story) (Iraq) (712-801) | |
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| Abu Nuwas (poem) (Persia/Baghdad) (b | |
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| between 747-762, d. between 813-815) | |
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| The Thousand and One Nights (tales) (Baghdad, Iraq) (c. 9th-14th centuries) | |
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| Usamah Ibn Munqidh (memoir) (Syria) (1095-1188) | |
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| Poems of Arab Andalusia | |
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| Introduction (711-1492) | |
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| Ibn Shuhayd (Cordoba) (992-1034) | |
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| Ibn Hazm (Cordoba) (994-1064) | |
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| Solomon Ben Gabirol (Hebrew) (Miaga) (c.1021-1022-c.1055) | |
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| Ibn Ammar (Sevilla) (1030-1083) | |
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| Ibn Burd (Cordoba) (d. 1053) | |
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| Judah Halevi (Hebrew) (c. 1075-1141) | |
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| Abu l-Hasan Al-Hursi (Eastern Andalusia) (d. 1095) | |
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| Ibn Abi l-Haytham (uncertain period) | |
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| Ibn Iyad (Central Andalusia) (1083-1149) | |
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| Abu l-Hasan Ibn Al-Qabturnuh (Badajoz) (d. 1134) | |
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| Abu l-Qasim al-Manisi (Sevilla) (12th century) | |
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| Persian Literature | |
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| Ferdowsi (epic poem) (Persia) (c | |
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| 940-1020) | |
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| Omar Khayyam (poems) (Persia) (c.1048- 1131) | |
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| Attar (Farid Ad-Din Attar) (poems) (Persia) (c.1120-1220) | |
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| Rumi (poems) (Persia/Turkey) (1207-1273) | |
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| Sadi (prose and poems) (Persia) (1184-1292) | |
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| Ha | |