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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Running Start | |
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| About This Book | |
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| Some Words to Know | |
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| What's a Chip? | |
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| What's Silicon? | |
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| What's a Semiconductor? | |
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| What's a Transistor? | |
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| What's an IC? | |
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| What's a Component? | |
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| What's a Circuit? | |
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| Semiconductor Family Tree | |
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| Semiconductor Family Tree | |
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| From Little Acorns to Great Oak Trees | |
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| Integrated Circuits versus Discrete Components | |
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| Digital versus Analog Components | |
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| Simple Analog Components | |
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| Resistors | |
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| Capacitors | |
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| Inductors | |
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| Transistors | |
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| Diodes | |
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| LEDs | |
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| Laser Diodes | |
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| Optical Sensors | |
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| Advanced Analog Components | |
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| CCD Image Sensors | |
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| Other Sensors | |
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| A/D and D/A Converters | |
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| MEMS | |
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| Medium-Scale Digital Chips | |
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| Logic Gates | |
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| Highly Integrated Digital Chips | |
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| Memory Chips | |
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| Communications Chips | |
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| Graphics Chips | |
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| Peripherals | |
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| Custom Chips: ASICs and ASSPs | |
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| Programmable Logic Chips | |
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| Microprocessors | |
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| How Chips Are Designed | |
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| Old-Style Design Process | |
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| New-Style Design Process | |
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| EDA Design Tools | |
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| Schematic Capture | |
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| Hardware Synthesis | |
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| Hardware-Description Languages | |
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| The HDL Leaders: VHDL and Verilog | |
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| Alternate HDLs | |
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| Producing a Netlist | |
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| Floor Planning | |
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| Place and Route | |
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| Verifying the Design Works | |
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| C Modeling | |
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| Hardware Simulation | |
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| Hardware Emulation Boxes | |
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| Using Outside IP | |
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| Hard and Soft IP Cores | |
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| Physical Libraries | |
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| Getting to Tape Out and Film | |
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| Current Problems and Future Trends | |
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| How Chips Are Made | |
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| Clean Rooms and Fabs | |
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| Developing Technology: Chips and Photography | |
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| Silicon Ingots to Start | |
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| Polishing the Wafer Smooth | |
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| Building the Layer Cake | |
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| Laser Surgery: Etching Away the Transistors | |
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| Step and Repeat | |
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| Etching Bath | |
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| Ready for the Metal Round | |
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| Testing Phase I | |
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| Bringing out the Diamonds | |
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| Sorting the Fast From the Merely Good | |
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| Wrap It Up | |
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| How Many Nanometers in a Micron? | |
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| Let's Get Small | |
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| Business and Markets | |
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| Worldwide Production of Semiconductors | |
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| Sales by Revenue | |
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| Sales by Unit | |
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| Average Selling Prices | |
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| Average Microprocessor Prices | |
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| Geographic Breakdown of Production | |
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| Worldwide Consumption of Semiconductors | |
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| Computers and PCs | |
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| Communications and Networking | |
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| Consumer Electronics | |
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| Industrial Electronics | |
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| Automotive Electronics | |
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| Military Electronics | |
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| The Business of Making Semiconductors | |
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| Semiconductor Food Chain | |
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| Independent Device Manufacturer | |
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| Fabless Chip Company | |
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| Pure-Play Foundries | |
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| Materials In, Distributors Out | |
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| Facilities and Equipment | |
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| Manufacturing Equipment | |
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| Fab Utilization | |
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| Silicon Cost Model | |
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| Wafer Cost | |
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| Gross Die per Wafer | |
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| Defects and Yield | |
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| Packaging and Testing | |
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| Economics of Updating Fabs | |
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| Economics of Larger Wafers | |
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| Economic Summary | |
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| Essential Guide to Microprocessors | |
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| Overview of Microprocessors | |
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| Microprocessors Everywhere | |
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| What Are Embedded Processors? | |
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| Microprocessor History and Evolution | |
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| What's a Processor Architecture? | |
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| RISC and CISC Architecture | |
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| DSP Architecture | |
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| Superscalar Architecture | |
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| VLIW Architecture | |
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| Microprocessor Anatomy and Gazetteer | |
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| Decoder | |
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| Execution Unit | |
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| Floating-Point Unit | |
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| Registers | |
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| Cache | |
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| Bus | |
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| Pipeline | |
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| What Do 4-Bit, 8-Bit, 16-Bit, and 32-Bit Mean? | |
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| Performance, Benchmarks, and Gigahertz | |
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| Misleading MIPS | |
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| The Mythical MIPS-per-MHz Ratio | |
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| Power Consumption and MIPS/Watt | |
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| What Is Software? | |
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| Choosing Microprocessors | |
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| Software Compatibility | |
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| Microprocessor Future Trends | |
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| Essential Guide to Memory | |
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| Overview of Memory Chips | |
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| About Memory Chips | |
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| Types of Memory | |
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| Nonvolatile ROM | |
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| Masked ROM | |
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| Programmable ROM | |
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| Erasable Programmable ROM | |
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| Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM | |
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| Flash ROM | |
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| Volatile RAM | |
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| SRAM | |
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| DRAM | |
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| Memory Interfaces | |
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| Future Memories | |
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| Essential Guide to Custom and Configurable Chips | |
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| Overview of Custom Chips | |
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| About Custom Chips | |
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| Field-Programmable Chips | |
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| Custom ASIC Chips | |
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| To ASIC or Not To ASIC | |
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| Designing an ASIC | |
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| Full-Custom Designs | |
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| Standard Cell Designs | |
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| Gate Array Designs | |
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| Building an ASIC | |
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| Dynamically Reconfigurable Chips | |
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| About Dynamically Reconfigurable Logic | |
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| Intellectual Property Licensing | |
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| IP Licensing Business | |
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| IP Revenue Streams | |
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| IP Summary | |
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| Future Outlook for Custom Chips | |
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| Theory | |
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| Digital and Binary Concepts | |
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| Gates and Logic Functions | |
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| Logic, Binary, and Digital Concepts | |
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| NOT Gate | |
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| AND Gate | |
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| OR Gate | |
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| Exclusive-OR | |
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| Inverted Gates | |
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| How Transistors Work | |
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| About Electrons and Electronics | |
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| Standards Bodies and Reference | |
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| Standards Bodies and Organizations | |
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| Semiconductor Industry of America (SIA) | |
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| World Semiconductor Trade Statistics (WSTS) | |
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| Sematech | |
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| Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) | |
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| Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) | |
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| Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) | |
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| Electronic Design Automation Consortium (EDAC) | |
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| Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) | |
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| Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) | |
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| International Engineering Consortium (IEC) | |
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| International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED) | |
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| Accellera | |
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| Open SystemC Initiative (OSCI) | |
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| Conferences and Trade Shows | |
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| Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers ("Asilomar") | |
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| Embedded Systems Conference (ESC) | |
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| Microprocessor Forum | |
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| Embedded Processor Forum | |
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| Network Processor Conference | |
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| Hot Chips | |
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| International Solid State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) | |
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| International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) | |
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| Other Resources | |
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| The Tech Museum of Innovation ("The Tech") | |
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| Computer History Museum | |
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| Sematech Online Dictionary | |
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| Electronic Design & Technology News Online Encyclopedia | |
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| Microprocessor Report | |
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| Dynamic Silicon | |
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| Electronic Engineering Times | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |