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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Preface | |
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| Sun BluePrints Program | |
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| Who Should Use This Book | |
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| Before You Read This Book | |
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| How This Book Is Organized | |
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| Ordering Sun Documents | |
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| Accessing Sun Documentation Online | |
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| Evolution of the Data Center | |
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| Consolidation Defined | |
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| History of the Data Center | |
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| The Role of Mainframes | |
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| The Strength of Mainframes | |
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| The Problem With Mainframes | |
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| The Introduction of Minicomputers | |
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| The Rise of Distributed Computing | |
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| UNIX Operating System | |
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| Complexity in the Data Center | |
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| Causes and Effects of Server Sprawl | |
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| Summary | |
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| Business Aspects of Consolidation | |
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| Establishing a Business Justification for Consolidation | |
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| Reducing IT Costs | |
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| Reduce Costs Associated With Complexity | |
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| Reduce Staffing Costs | |
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| Reduce Building Costs | |
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| Keeping Up With Business Challenges | |
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| Improving Service Levels and Availability | |
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| Minimizing the Impact of External Pressures | |
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| Estimating the Cost of Complexity | |
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| Understanding Total Cost of Ownership | |
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| Following an Established TCO Methodology | |
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| Gartner's Definition of TCO | |
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| Gartner TCO Software | |
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| Simulate TCO | |
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| Avoiding Common Pitfalls and Failures | |
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| Convincing Business Units to Surrender Their Servers | |
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| Gaining and Maintaining Executive Sponsorship | |
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| Managing Politics | |
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| Applying Best Practices and Adhering to Standards | |
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| Developing and Adhering to Well-Defined Processes | |
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| Relying on Established Consolidation Methodologies | |
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| Considering Prohibitive Bandwidth Costs of High Data-Traffic Applications | |
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| Selecting Appropriate Applications to Consolidate Together | |
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| Identifying Application or Middleware Coexistence Problems | |
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| Considering Legal Requirements to Keep Data Locally | |
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| Summary | |
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| Types of Consolidation | |
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| Consolidating Servers | |
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| Applying Vertical and Horizontal Scalability | |
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| Identifying Patterns in an End-to-End Architecture | |
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| Presentation Tier | |
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| Business Tier | |
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| Resource Tier | |
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| Identifying Types of Consolidation | |
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| Physical Consolidation | |
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| Logical Consolidation | |
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| Rationalization | |
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| Consolidating Applications | |
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| Eliminating Consolidation Candidates | |
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| Applying Backward and Forward Consolidation Strategies | |
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| Consolidating Application Sets | |
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| Consolidating Multiple Database Instances | |
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| Consolidating Similar Workloads | |
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| Consolidating Storage | |
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| Consolidating Servers and Their Associated Storage | |
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| Connecting Heterogeneous Environments to a Single Storage Component | |
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| Consolidating With Storage Area Networks | |
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| Consolidating Shared Services | |
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| Consolidating Networks | |
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| Consolidating Data Centers | |
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| Consolidating People Resources and Processes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Consolidation Methodology | |
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| Following a Consolidation Methodology | |
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| Determining the Feasibility of the Project | |
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| Assessing the Current Environment | |
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| Assess Application Requirements | |
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| Assess Platform Requirements | |
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| Assess Storage Requirements | |
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| Assess Networking Requirements | |
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| Assess Security Requirements | |
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| Assess Infrastructure and Operations Requirements | |
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| Document Requirements and Dependencies | |
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| Designing an Architecture for a Consolidated Environment | |
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| Implementing the Consolidation | |
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| Managing the Consolidated Environment | |
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| Completing Project Phases | |
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| Summary | |
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| Performing a Consolidation Feasibility Study | |
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| Defining Business Objectives | |
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| Sample Business Objectives | |
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| Defining Success Criteria | |
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| Sample Success Criteria | |
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| Defining Project Scope | |
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| Identifying the Inventory | |
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| Compiling a Starting Inventory | |
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| Inventory From the Bottom, Up | |
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| Inventory From the Top, Down | |
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| Simulating Total Cost of Ownership Savings | |
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| Sample TCO Analysis | |
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| Project Assumptions | |
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| Business Assumptions | |
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| Consolidation Scenarios | |
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| Results of the TCO Analysis | |
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| ROI Analysis for Scenario One--33 Percent Reduction | |
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| ROI Analysis for Scenario Two--50 Percent Reduction | |
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| ROI Analysis for Scenario Three--67 Percent Reduction | |
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| Conclusions From the Sample Project | |
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| Establishing a Proof of Concept | |
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| Identifying a Group of Servers to Consolidate | |
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| Identifying the Initial Storage to Consolidate | |
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| Summary | |
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| Planning a Consolidation Project | |
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| Creating a Project Plan | |
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| Defining Consolidation Objectives | |
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| Clarifying Project Scope | |
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| Assessing Consolidation Candidates | |
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| Estimating and Documenting Time Lines | |
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| Identifying High-Level Project Phases | |
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| Setting Major Milestones | |
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| Developing a Project Plan | |
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| Define the Assessment Phase | |
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| Define the Architecture Phase | |
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| Define the Implementation Phase | |
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| Define the Management Phase | |
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| Complete the Project Cycle | |
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| Estimating Realistic Durations | |
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| Reporting Project Status | |
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| Identifying Resource Profiles | |
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| Identifying a Project Manager | |
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| Identifying Resources to Assess Requirements and Architect Solutions | |
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| Identifying Resources to Implement and Administer a Project | |
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| Organizing Your Project | |
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| Summary | |
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| Assessing Technical Feasibility | |
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| Preparing for the Assessment | |
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| Profiling Applications | |
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| Documenting Data Flow | |
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| Identifying Dependencies | |
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| Use Process Accounting Tools | |
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| Interview Developers and Architects | |
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| Assessing Application Portability | |
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| Documenting the Profile | |
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| Assessing Platforms | |
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| Verifying Inventories | |
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| Assessing Technical Configurations | |
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| Automate the Assessment Process | |
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| Estimating Utilization | |
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| System Activity Reporter | |
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| Performance Software Suites | |
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| Assessing Storage | |
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| Analyzing Online Data | |
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| Analyzing Near-Line Data | |
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| Analyzing Offline Data | |
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| Automating Storage Assessment | |
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| Assessing Networking Requirements | |
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| Assessing Security | |
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| Assessing Infrastructure and Operations | |
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| Revaluating Total Cost of Ownership | |
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| Assessing Risk | |
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| Summary | |
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| Designing a Consolidated Architecture | |
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| Creating an Architecture | |
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| Extracting Requirements From Data | |
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| Addressing Common Consolidation Design Issues | |
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| Reduce Downtime With Redundant Hardware | |
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| Isolate Failures | |
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| Improve Time to Recover With Clustering | |
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| Addressing Specific Consolidation Architectures | |
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| Considerations for Horizontally Scaled Architectures | |
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| Considerations for Vertically Scaled Architectures | |
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| Considerations for Architectures With Centralized Databases | |
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| Considerations for Architectures With Consolidated Clusters | |
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| Considerations for Architectures With Collapsed Tiers | |
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| Considerations for Architectures That Utilize Time Shifting | |
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| Considerations for Development, Testing, and Training Environments | |
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| Sizing the Consolidated Architecture | |
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| Construct a System Performance Model | |
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| Project Changes in the Model | |
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| Prototyping the Initial Solution | |
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| Building the Prototype | |
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| Testing the Prototype | |
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| Revising the Solution | |
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| Documenting the Solution | |
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| Summary | |
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| Implementing a Consolidated Solution | |
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| Preparing for the Consolidation | |
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| Creating a Build Specification | |
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| Building the Environment | |
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| Prepare the Physical Environment | |
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| Install Arrays and Servers | |
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| Install the Software Infrastructure | |
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| Install the Application Software | |
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| Identify Temporary Hardware Requirements | |
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| Defining a Data Migration Strategy | |
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| Create a Back-Out Process | |
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| Practicing the Consolidation | |
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| Become Familiar With the New Environment | |
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| Backing Up Old Environments | |
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| Implementing the Consolidation | |
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| Migrating Applications | |
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| Testing the Consolidation | |
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| Tuning the Configuration | |
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| Documenting the Results | |
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| Training the Administration Staff | |
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| Summary | |
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| Managing a Consolidated Environment | |
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| Managing Availability | |
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| Identifying Potential Availability Problems | |
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| Implementing Disaster Recovery | |
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| Management Frameworks | |
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| FCAPS | |
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| Information Technology Infrastructure Library | |
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| Sun Ready Availability Assessment | |
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| Execution Management | |
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| Change Management | |
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| Implementation Management | |
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| Improvement Management | |
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| Asset Management | |
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| Staff Management | |
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| Service Management | |
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| Problem Management | |
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| Account Management | |
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| Program Management | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sample Feasibility Study | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Management Summary | |
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| Business Objectives | |
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| Criteria for Success | |
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| TCO Assessment Details | |
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| Other Assumptions | |
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| Scenarios | |
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| Results of TCO Analysis | |
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| ROI Analysis: Scenario One | |
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| ROI Analysis: Scenario Two | |
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| ROI Analysis: Scenario Three | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Sample Application Profile | |
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| Revision Information | |
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| Application | |
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| Production Environment | |
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| End-User Overview | |
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| System Uptime Requirements | |
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| End-User Log In | |
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| Batch Cycles | |
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| Sign On During Batch Cycles | |
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| Maintenance Windows | |
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| Dependencies--Application Interfaces | |
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| Performance Requirements | |
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| Expected Typical User Response Time | |
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| Batch Processing Window | |
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| Peak Processing Periods | |
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| Current Server Operation Overview | |
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| Monitoring Needs | |
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| Network and Infrastructure Services Used by Application | |
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| Naming Service Requirements | |
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| Project Constraints | |
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| Security Requirements | |
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| Application Failover Configuration Requirements | |
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| Prerequisite Software Components | |
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| Kernel Configuration Changes | |
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| Miscellaneous | |
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| Database Sizing Information | |
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| Portability Issues | |
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| Existing Deficiencies | |
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| Printing Architecture | |
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| Network Architecture | |
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| Detailed TCP/IP Port Requirements | |
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| File System Requirements | |
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| Hardware Requirements | |
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| Storage Requirements | |
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| Network Requirements | |
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| CPU Requirements | |
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| Memory Requirements | |
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| Other Requirements | |
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| Non-UNIX Infrastructure Components | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |