| |
| |
| |
Animal Agriculture | |
| |
| |
Global Trends in Animal Product Consumption | |
| |
| |
Changes in American Farm Population, Numbers, and Size | |
| |
| |
US Land Resources | |
| |
| |
Why Are American Farmers So Productive? Animal Agriculture: The Role of Animals | |
| |
| |
The Gene Pool and Animal Classification | |
| |
| |
Animal Adaptation | |
| |
| |
Essential Factors of All Animal Enterprises | |
| |
| |
Characteristics of Specific Enterprises | |
| |
| |
Animal Agriculture and Animal Welfare | |
| |
| |
The Environment and Animal Waste Management | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
The Animal Industry | |
| |
| |
Livestock and Poultry Density | |
| |
| |
Feed Manufacturing | |
| |
| |
Veterinarians | |
| |
| |
Markets | |
| |
| |
Processors | |
| |
| |
The Animal Sciences | |
| |
| |
Governmental and Educational Agencies | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Nutrients and Their Sources | |
| |
| |
Classes of Nutrients | |
| |
| |
How Nutrients May Be Used | |
| |
| |
Carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
Lipids: Fats and Oils | |
| |
| |
Proteins (Amino Acids) | |
| |
| |
Water. Minerals | |
| |
| |
Vitamins | |
| |
| |
Nutrient Absorption and Formation by Plants | |
| |
| |
Feeds and Their Nutrient Content | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
The Digestive and Metabolic Systems | |
| |
| |
Nonruminant Digestive System | |
| |
| |
Prehension, Mastication, and Salivation | |
| |
| |
Enzymatic Digestion | |
| |
| |
Absorption | |
| |
| |
Digestive System of the Horse | |
| |
| |
Ruminant Digestive System | |
| |
| |
Nutrient Transport | |
| |
| |
Nutrient Storage | |
| |
| |
Nutrient Utilization in the Cell | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Nutrition of Nonruminants | |
| |
| |
Nutrient Requirements | |
| |
| |
Recommended Nutrient Levels | |
| |
| |
Formulating Rations | |
| |
| |
Feeds and Their Effect on Consumption | |
| |
| |
Feed Additives | |
| |
| |
Nutritional Imbalances and Deficiencies | |
| |
| |
Other Species | |
| |
| |
Nutrition and the Newborn | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Nutrition of Ruminants | |
| |
| |
Nutrient Requirements | |
| |
| |
Factors Affecting Feed Intake | |
| |
| |
Formulating Daily Rations for Cows and Ewes | |
| |
| |
Rations for Finishing Cattle and Lambs | |
| |
| |
Dairy Calves and Growing Heifers (Herd Replacements) | |
| |
| |
Dairy Cows | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Nutrition of Horses and Ponies | |
| |
| |
Nutrient Requirements | |
| |
| |
Feeds | |
| |
| |
Consumption and Influences | |
| |
| |
Nutrition and Performance | |
| |
| |
Pregnancy and the Foal | |
| |
| |
Other Feeding Management Precautions | |
| |
| |
Nutritional Deficiencies and Imbalances | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Evaluation of Feeder Animals | |
| |
| |
Inheritance and Range in Performing Ability | |
| |
| |
Feeder Cattle | |
| |
| |
Feeder Lambs | |
| |
| |
Feeder Pigs | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Animal Growth and Carcass Composition | |
| |
| |
Chronological Versus Physiological Growth | |
| |
| |
Measures of Growth | |
| |
| |
The Growth Curve and Its Phases | |
| |
| |
Hormonal Control of Growth | |
| |
| |
Factors Affecting Growth | |
| |
| |
Carcass | |
| |
| |
Composition | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
The Feeding Enterprise | |
| |
| |
Geographic Concentration | |
| |
| |
Feedlot Management | |
| |
| |
Capital and Costs | |
| |
| |
Influences on Animal Performance and Feedlot Profit | |
| |
| |
Profit Margin | |
| |
| |
Price Protection | |
| |
| |
Tax Considerations | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Animal Environment and Adaptation | |
| |
| |
Heat Loss and Heat Production | |
| |
| |
The Comfort Zone and Critical Temperature | |
| |
| |
Physiological Acclimatization to Temperature Stress | |
| |
| |
Controlling Heat Stress | |
| |
| |
Controlling Cold Stress | |
| |
| |
Ration Adjustments During Heat or Cold Stress | |
| |
| |
Other Environmental Factors | |
| |
| |
Ventilation | |
| |
| |
Flooring or Lot Surface | |
| |
| |
Space Requirements | |
| |
| |
Animal Waste Management | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Animal Health | |
| |
| |
Economic and Human Safety Concerns | |
| |
| |
Disease Defined and Classified | |
| |
| |
Predators and Injuries | |
| |
| |
Nutritional Deficiencies | |
| |
| |
Metabolic Disorders | |
| |
| |
Toxins and Poisons | |
| |
| |
Parasites and Protozoa | |
| |
| |
Types of Infectious Agents | |
| |
| |
Immunity and Vaccination | |
| |
| |
Reproductive and Respiratory Problems | |
| |
| |
Eradication and Repopulation Programs | |
| |
| |
Typical Herd Health Programs | |
| |
| |
Role of the Veterinarian. Diagnostic Services | |
| |
| |
Biosecurity | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Animal Behavior | |
| |
| |
Animal Behavior as a Science | |
| |
| |
Domestication and Genetic Influences on Behavior | |
| |
| |
Environmental Influences on Behavior | |
| |
| |
Physiology | |
| |
| |
Perception and the Sensory Systems | |
| |
| |
Learning and Training | |
| |
| |
Animal Communication | |
| |
| |
Understanding Animal Behavior | |
| |
| |
Group Behavior and Social Order | |
| |
| |
Grazing and Feeding Behavior | |
| |
| |
Sleeping and Resting Behavior | |
| |
| |
Sexual and Reproductive Behavior | |
| |
| |
Behavioral Problems and Abnormalities | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Physiology of Reproduction | |
| |
| |
Reproductive Performance and Profitability | |
| |
| |
The Male Reproductive System | |
| |
| |
The Female Reproductive System | |
| |
| |
Pregnancy | |
| |
| |
The Reproductive System in Domesticated Fowl | |
| |
| |
Artificial Insemination | |
| |
| |
Estrus Synchronization | |
| |
| |
Multiple Ovulation | |
| |
| |
Embryo Transplanting | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Management Regime and Reproductive Efficiency | |
| |
| |
Critical Nutrients for Reproduction | |
| |
| |
Growth and Development of Breeding Stock | |
| |
| |
Flushing and Other Nutritional Considerations | |
| |
| |
Other Influences on Conception | |
| |
| |
Nutritional Management During Pregnancy | |
| |
| |
Reproductive Efficiency in Poultry | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Lactation | |
| |
| |
Importance of Milk Production in Various Species | |
| |
| |
Hormonal Influences in Mammary Development and Lactation | |
| |
| |
Location, Number, and Appearance of Mammary Glands | |
| |
| |
Anatomy of the Udder | |
| |
| |
Milk Synthesis—Components of Milk | |
| |
| |
Rate of Milk Synthesis | |
| |
| |
Milk Let-Down | |
| |
| |
Nutrition and Milk Composition | |
| |
| |
Colostrum | |
| |
| |
Flavors and Odors | |
| |
| |
Appearance and Other Milk Quality Factors | |
| |
| |
Udder Health, Mastitis, and Mammary Gland Injuries | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Genetics | |
| |
| |
Genes and Chromosomes | |
| |
| |
Transmission of Genes | |
| |
| |
Single Gene Effects | |
| |
| |
Inheritance of Sex | |
| |
| |
Multiple Gene Effects | |
| |
| |
Cytoplasmic Inheritance | |
| |
| |
Genotype and Phenotype | |
| |
| |
Rules for Improvement by Selection | |
| |
| |
Genetic Variation | |
| |
| |
Examples of Genetic Improvement | |
| |
| |
Influence of Prolificacy and Generation Interval on Improvement Rate | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Heritability and Genetic Improvement | |
| |
| |
Heredity Versus Environmental Influences | |
| |
| |
The Meaning of Heritability | |
| |
| |
Heritability of Individual Traits | |
| |
| |
Level of Heritability and Selection Effort | |
| |
| |
Methods to Improve Selection Accuracy | |
| |
| |
Predicting Rate of Improvement | |
| |
| |
Multiple-Trait Selection and Rate of Improvement | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Evaluation of Breeding Animals | |
| |
| |
Desirable Traits | |
| |
| |
Identification Systems | |
| |
| |
Recording Birth Dates | |
| |
| |
Importance of Records | |
| |
| |
Growth and Feed Efficiency Performance Records | |
| |
| |
Measuring Meatiness or Muscling | |
| |
| |
Reproduction Efficiency | |
| |
| |
Conformation Traits | |
| |
| |
Other Production Traits | |
| |
| |
Using Selection Indexes | |
| |
| |
Using Relatives to Appraise Merit—Progeny Testing | |
| |
| |
Culling From the Breeding Herd or Flock | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Mating Systems | |
| |
| |
Random Mating | |
| |
| |
Inbreeding | |
| |
| |
Outbreeding | |
| |
| |
Crossbreeding | |
| |
| |
Crossing Lines or Strains | |
| |
| |
Rotational Crossbreeding Programs | |
| |
| |
The Future—Heterosis Versus Selection | |
| |
| |
The Animal Improvement Industry—Livestock and Poultry Breeders | |
| |
| |
Questions for Study and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
Breeds | |