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| Foreword | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| List of Abbreviations | |
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| Introduction - Background and Vision of EPC | |
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| Mobile Broadband and the Core Network Evolution | |
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| A Global Standard | |
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| Origins of the Evolved Packet Core | |
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| 3GPP Radio Access Technologies | |
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| 3GPP2 Radio Access Technologies | |
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| SAE - Building Bridges Between Different Networks | |
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| A Shifting Value Chain | |
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| Terminology Used in This Book | |
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| Overview of EPS | |
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| Architecture Overview | |
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| EPS Architecture | |
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| Basic LP Connectivity Over LTE Access | |
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| Adding More Advanced Functionality for LTE Access | |
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| Interworking Between LTE and GSM/GPRS or WCDMA/HSPA | |
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| Support for 3GPP Voice Services | |
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| Interworking Between LTE and CDMA Networks | |
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| Interworking Between 3GPP Access Technologies and Non-3GPP Access Technologies | |
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| Support for Broadcasting in Cellular Networks | |
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| Positioning Services | |
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| Optimizations for Small Cells and Local Access | |
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| Miscellaneous Features | |
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| Summary of the Architecture Overview | |
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| Mobile Network Radio Technologies | |
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| Overview of Radio Networks for Mobile Services | |
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| Radio Network Functionality | |
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| GSM | |
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| WCDMA | |
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| LTE | |
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| EPS Deployment Scenarios and Operator Cases | |
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| Scenario 1: Existing GSM/GPRS and/or WCDMA/HSPA Operators Deploying LTE/EPC | |
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| First Phase - Initial EPC Deployment | |
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| Second Phase - Integration with Existing Packet Core | |
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| Third Phase - Further Optimizations Towards the Common Core | |
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| Scenario 2: Existing CDMA Operators Deploying LTE/EPC | |
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| Scenario 3: New Operators Deploying LTE/EPC | |
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| Data Services in EPS | |
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| Messaging Services | |
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| Machine Type Communication | |
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| Industrial and Corporate Uses | |
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| Societal - M2M and Sustainable Development | |
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| Voice Services in EPS | |
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| Realization of Voice Over LTE | |
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| Voice Services Using IMS Technology | |
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| Single-Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) | |
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| Circuit-Switched Fallback | |
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| Comparing MMTel/SRVCC and CSFB | |
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| IMS Emergency Calls and Priority Services | |
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| Key Concepts and Services | |
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| Session Management and Mobility | |
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| IP Connectivity and Session Management | |
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| The LP Connection | |
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| Session Management, Bearers, and QoS Aspects | |
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| General | |
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| The EPS Bearer for E-UTRAN Access | |
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| Session Management for EPS and GERAN/UTRAN Accesses | |
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| Session Management for Other Accesses | |
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| Subscriber Identifiers and Corresponding Legacy Identities | |
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| Permanent Subscriber Identifiers | |
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| Temporary Subscriber Identifiers | |
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| Relation to Subscription Identifiers in 2G/3G | |
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| Mobility Principles | |
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| General | |
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| Mobility within 3GPP Family of Accesses | |
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| Idle-Mode Signaling Reduction (ISR) | |
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| Closed Subscriber Group | |
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| Mobility Between E-UTRAN and HRPD | |
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| Generic Mobility Between 3GPP and Non-3GPP Accesses | |
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| Access Network Discovery and Selection | |
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| Interworking with Managed WLAN Networks | |
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| Pooling, Overload Protection, and Congestion Control | |
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| Security | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Security Services | |
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| Security Domains | |
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| Network Access Security | |
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| Access Security in E-UTRAN | |
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| Interworking with GERAN/UTRAN | |
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| Special Consideration for IMS Emergency Calls | |
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| Trusted and Untrusted Non-3GPP Accesses | |
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| Access Security in Trusted Non-3GPP Accesses | |
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| Access Security in Untrusted Non-3GPP Access | |
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| Special Considerations for Host-Based Mobility DSMIPv6 | |
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| Network Domain Security | |
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| User Domain Security | |
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| Security Aspects of Home eNBs and Home NBs | |
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| H(e)NB Security Architecture | |
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| Closed Subscriber Groups | |
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| Device Authentication | |
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| Hosting Party Authentication | |
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| Backhaul Link Security | |
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| Location Verification | |
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| Lawful Intercept | |
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| Quality of Service, Charging, and Policy Control | |
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| Quality of Service | |
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| QoS in E-UTRAN | |
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| Interworking with GERAN/UTRAN | |
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| QoS Aspects When Interworking with Other Accesses | |
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| Policy and Charging Control | |
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| The PCC Architecture | |
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| Basic PCC Concepts | |
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| Network vs. Terminal-Initiated QoS Control | |
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| PCC and Roaming | |
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| Additional PCC Features Developed Since Release 8 | |
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| PCC Support for Fixed Broadband Access | |
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| Charging | |
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| Selection Functions | |
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| Architecture Overview for Selection Functions | |
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| Selection of MME, SGSN, Serving GW, and PDN GW | |
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| Selection Procedure at a Glance | |
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| Use of DNS Infrastructure | |
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| MME Selection | |
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| SGSN Selection Function for EPS | |
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| GW Selection Overview | |
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| PDN GW Selection Function | |
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| Serving GW Selection Function | |
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| Handover (Non-3GPP Access) and PDN GW Selection | |
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| PCRF Selection | |
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| Subscriber Data Management. | |
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| Home Subscriber Server (HSS) | |
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| Subscriber Profile Repository (SPR) | |
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| User Data Convergence (UDC) | |
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| UDC Overall Description | |
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| Front-Ends and User Data Repository | |
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| Voice and Emergency Services | |
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| Voice Services Based on Circuit-Switched Technology | |
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| Voice Services with IMS Technology | |
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| MMTel | |
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| MMTel Architecture | |
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| VoLTE | |
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| T-ADS | |
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| Ensuring Service Coverage | |
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| Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) | |
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| Entities with Additional Functions to Support SRVCC | |
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| IMS Centralized Services (ICS) | |
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| Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server (SCC-AS) | |
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| SRVCC from E-UTRAN to GERAN or UTRAN | |
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| SRVCC from E-UTRAN to CDMA 1�RTT | |
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| Circuit-Switched Fallback | |
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| Migration Paths and Coexistence of Circuit-Switched and VoLTE | |
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| EPS Emergency Bearer Service for IMS Emergency | |
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| Multimedia Priority Service (MPS) | |
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| LTE Broadcasting | |
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| Background and Main Concepts | |
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| MBMS Solution Overview | |
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| MBMS User Services | |
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| Associated Delivery Procedures | |
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| Mobile Network Architecture for MBMS | |
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| Architecture Overview | |
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| Interfaces | |
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| MBMS Bearer Services | |
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| Session Start | |
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| Session Stop | |
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| Session Update | |
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| Positioning | |
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| Positioning Solutions | |
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| Positioning Architecture and Protocols | |
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| Positioning Methods | |
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| Position-Reporting Formats | |
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| EPS Positioning Entities and Interfaces | |
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| GMLC | |
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| E-SMLC | |
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| SLP | |
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| Le Interface | |
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| SLg Interface | |
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| SLs Interface | |
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| LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) | |
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| LTE Positioning Protocol Annex (LPPa) | |
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| Positioning Procedure | |
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| Offload Functions and Simultaneous Multi-Access | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Offloading the 3GPP RAN - Simultaneous Multi-Access | |
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| Multi-Access PDN Connectivity (MAPCON) | |
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| LP Flow Mobility (LFOM) | |
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| Non-Seamless WLAN Offloading (NSWO) | |
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| Offloading the Core and Transport Network - Selected IP Traffic Offload (SLPTO) | |
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| Access to Local Networks - Local LP Access (LLPA) | |
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| The Nuts and Bolts of EPC | |
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| EPS Network Entities and Interfaces | |
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| Network Entities | |
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| eNodeB | |
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| Mobility Management Entity | |
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| Serving GW | |
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| PDN GW | |
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| Policy and Charging Rules Function | |
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| Home eNodeB Subsystem and Related Entities | |
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| Control Plane Between UE, eNodeB, and MME | |
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| S1-MME | |
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| GTP-Based Interfaces | |
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| Control Plane | |
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| MME↔MME(SIO) | |
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| MME↔Serving GW(S 11) | |
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| Serving GW↔PDN GW (S5/S8) | |
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| SGSN↔MME (S3) | |
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| SGSN↔Serving GW (S4) | |
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| SGSN↔SGSN (S16) | |
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| Trusted WLAN Access Network ↔ PDN GW (S2a) | |
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| ePDG PDN GW (S2b) | |
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| User Plane | |
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| eNodeB Serving GW (S1-U) | |
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| UE ↔ eNodeB Serving GW PDN GW (GTP-TJ) | |
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| |
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| UE ↔ BSS ↔ SGSN ↔ Serving GW ↔ PDN GW (GTP-U) | |
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| UE ↔ UTRAN ↔ Serving GW ↔ PDN GW (GTP-U) | |
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| UE ↔ UTRAN ↔ SGSN Serving GW ↔ PDN GW (GTP-U) | |
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| UE ↔ Trusted WLAN Access Network ↔ PDN GW (GTP-U) | |
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| UE ↔ ePDG ↔ PDN GW (GTP-U) | |
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| PMLP-Based Interfaces | |
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| Serving GW-PDN GW (S5/S8) | |
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| Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access-PDN GW (S2a) | |
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| ePDG-PDN GW (S2b) | |
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| DSMLPv6-Based Interfaces | |
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| UE-PDN GW (S2c) | |
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| HSS-Related Interfaces and Protocols | |
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| General | |
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| MME-HSS (S6a) and SGSN-HSS (S6d) | |
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| AAA-Related Interfaces | |
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| General | |
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| AAA Server-HSS (SWx) | |
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| Trusted Non-3GPP Access-3GPP AAA Server/Proxy (STa) | |
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| Untrusted Non-3GPP BP Access-3GPP AAA Server/Proxy (SWa) | |
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| ePDG-3GPP AAA Server/Proxy (SWm) | |
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| PDN GW-3GPP AAA Server/Proxy (S6b) | |
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| 3GPP AAA Proxy-3GPP AAA Server/Proxy (SWd) | |
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| PCC-Related Interfaces | |
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| General | |
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| PCEF-PCRF (Gx) | |
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| BBERF-PCRF (Gxa/Gxc) | |
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| PCRF-AE (Rx) | |
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| TDF-PCRF (Sd) | |
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| OCS-PCRF (Sy) | |
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| PCRF-PCRF (S9) | |
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| BPCF-PCRF (S9a) | |
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| SPR-PCRF(Sp) | |
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| EIR-Related Interfaces | |
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| MME-EIR and SGSN-EIR Interfaces (S13 and S13') | |
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| I-WLAN-Related Interfaces | |
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| UE-ePDG (SWu) | |
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| ANDSF-Related Interfaces | |
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| ISMP Policy Node | |
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| Discovery Information Node | |
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| UE Location Node | |
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| ISRP Node | |
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| Ext Node | |
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| HRPD IW-Related Interfaces | |
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| Optimized Handover and Related Interfaces (S101 and S103) | |
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| MME ↔ eHRPD Access Network (S101) | |
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| Serving GW ↔ HSGW (S103) | |
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| Interface to External Networks | |
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| General | |
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| Functions | |
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| CSS Interface | |
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| MME-CSS Interface (S7a) | |
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| Protocols | |
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| |
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| Introduction | |
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| |
| GPRS Tunneling Protocol Overview | |
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| |
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| Protocol Structure | |
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| Control Plane (GTPv2-C) | |
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| User Plane (GTPv1-U) | |
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| |
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| Protocol Format | |
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| Mobile IP | |
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| General | |
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| |
| |
| Host-Based and Network-Based Mobility Mechanisms | |
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| |
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| Basic Principles of Mobile IP | |
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| |
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| Mobile IPv6 Security | |
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| |
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| Packet Format | |
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| |
| |
| Dual-Stack Operation | |
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| Additional MLPv6 Features - Route Optimization | |
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| |
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| Proxy Mobile IPv6 | |
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| |
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| General | |
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| |
| |
| Basic Principles | |
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| PMLPv6 Security | |
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| PMLPv6 Packet Format | |
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| |
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| Dual-Stack Operation | |
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| |
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| Diameter | |
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| |
| Background | |
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| |
| Protocol Structure | |
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| Diameter Nodes | |
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| Diameter Sessions, Connections, and Transport | |
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| Diameter Request Routing | |
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| Peer Discovery | |
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| |
| |
| Diameter Message Format | |
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| |
| |
| Generic Routing Encapsulation | |
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| |
| |
| Background | |
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| |
| |
| Basic Protocol Aspects | |
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| |
| |
| GRE Packet Format | |
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| |
| |
| S1-AP | |
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| |
| |
| Non-Access Stratum (NAS) | |
| |
| |
| |
| EPS Mobility Management | |
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| |
| |
| EPS Session Management | |
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| |
| |
| Message Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Security-Protected NAS Messages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Message Transport | |
| |
| |
| |
| Future Extensions and Backward Compatibility | |
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| |
| |
| IP Security | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Encapsulated Security Payload and Authentication Header | |
| |
| |
| |
| Internet Key Exchange | |
| |
| |
| |
| IKEv2 Mobility and Multi-Homing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extensible Authentication Protocol | |
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| |
| |
| Overview | |
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| |
| |
| Protocol | |
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| |
| |
| Stream Control Transmission Protocol | |
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| |
| |
| Background | |
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| |
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| Basic Protocol Features | |
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| |
| |
| Multi-Steaming | |
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| |
| |
| Multi-Homing | |
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| |
| |
| Packet Structure | |
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| |
| |
| Procedures | |
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| |
| |
| Attachment and Detachment for E-UTRAN | |
| |
| |
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| Attachment Procedure for E-UTRAN | |
| |
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| Detachment Procedure for E-UTRAN | |
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| |
| |
| Tracking Area Update for E-UTRAN | |
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| |
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| Tracking Area Update Procedure | |
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| |
| |
| TA Update with MME Change | |
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| |
| |
| Service Request for E-UTRAN | |
| |
| |
| |
| UE Triggered Service Request | |
| |
| |
| |
| Network Triggered Service Request | |
| |
| |
| |
| Intra- and Inter-3GPP Access Handover | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phases of the Handover Procedures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Handover Cases in EPS for 3GPP Accesses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Handover within E-UTRAN Access | |
| |
| |
| |
| Handover between E-UTRAN and Other 3GPP Accesses (GERAN, UTRAN) with S4-SGSN | |
| |
| |
| |
| Handover for Gn/Gp-Based SGSN | |
| |
| |
| |
| Handover between GERAN and UTRAN Access Using S4 SGSN and GTP/PMTP Protocol | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bearer and QoS-Related Procedures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bearer Procedures for E-UTRAN | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bearer Procedures for GERAN/UTRAN | |
| |
| |
| |
| Attachment and Detachment for Non-3GPP Accesses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Attachment Procedure in Trusted WLAN Access Network (TWAN) Using GTPv2 on S2a | |
| |
| |
| |
| Detachment Procedure in Trusted WLAN Access Network (TWAN) Using GTPv2 on S2a | |
| |
| |
| |
| Attachment Procedure in Untrusted Non-3GPP Access Using PMJPv6 (S2b) | |
| |
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| Detachment Procedure in Untrusted Non-3GPP Access Using PMIPv6 (S2b) | |
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| Attachment Procedure in Trusted Non-3GPP Access Using DSMTPv6 (S2c) | |
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| Detachment Procedure in Trusted Non-3GPP Access Using DSMJPv6 (S2c) | |
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| Intersystem Handover Between 3GPP and Non-3GPP Accesses | |
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| Overview | |
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| Details of Handover in EPS with Non-3GPP Accesses | |
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| QoS-Related Procedures in Non-3GPP Accesses | |
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| Conclusion and Future of EPS | |
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| Conclusions and Looking Ahead | |
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| Standards Bodies Associated with EPS | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |