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| Contributors | |
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| Preface | |
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| Overview Theory, Models, and Demographics | |
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| Culture and Mental Health: An Introduction and Overview of Foundations, Concepts, and Issues | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Culture and Mental Health Questions, Concepts, and Issues | |
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| References | |
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| Cultural Models of Health and Illness | |
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| Culture and Meaning | |
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| Social Differentiation and Culture | |
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| Objectivity and Subjectivity | |
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| The Role of Culture in Health and Illness | |
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| Schemata and Cognitive Processes | |
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| Psyche and Soma: The Mind-Body Distinction in Western Medicine | |
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| Culture, Emotion, and Health | |
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| Cultural versus Psychological Determinism | |
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| A New Cultural Public Health | |
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| References | |
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| Acculturation and Mental Health: Ecological Transactional Relations of Adjustment | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Culture Defined | |
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| Acculturation Defined | |
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| Acculturation Processes | |
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| Culture and Mental Health | |
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| Modes of Acculturation | |
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| Culture Conflict | |
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| Acculturative Stress | |
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| Acculturation and Psychological Adjustment | |
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| Acculturation and Clinical Manifestations of Illness | |
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| Empirical Findings of Acculturation and Mental Health | |
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| Ecological Interventions in Mental Health | |
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| References | |
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| Gender as Subculture: The First Division of Multicultural Diversity | |
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| Key Terms and Definitions | |
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| Types of Gender-Role Conflict among Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups | |
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| Implications of Gender-Role Conflict for Assessment and Treatment of Mental Health and Adjustment Issues | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Multicultural Demographic Developments: Current and Future Trends | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Hispanic Americans | |
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| American Indians | |
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| African Americans | |
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| Asian Americans | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Culture and Methodology in Personality Assessment | |
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| Eurocentric Bias: Reality Construction and a Belief System Undergirding Research | |
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| Bias in Standard Psychological Tests | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Peroration | |
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| References | |
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| Test Translation and Cultural Equivalence Methodologies for Use with Diverse Populations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Guidelines of the International Test Commission | |
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| Linguistic Equivalence | |
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| Item and Scale Equivalence | |
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| Normative Equivalence | |
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| Technical Equivalence | |
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| Clinical Equivalence | |
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| Reliability and Validity of Translated Tests | |
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| Methodology Illustrations for Translated Tests | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Assessment and Treatment | |
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| Culture-Bound Syndromes, Cultural Variations, and Psychopathology | |
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| Adjustment Disorders | |
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| Anxiety Disorders | |
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| Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Disorders | |
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| Delusional Disorders | |
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| Dissociative Disorders | |
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| Eating Disorders | |
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| Mental Retardation and Learning Disorders | |
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| Mood Disorders | |
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| Personality Disorders | |
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| Pica and Selective Mutism | |
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| Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders | |
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| Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilias | |
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| Sleep Disorders | |
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| Somatoform Disorders | |
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| Substance-Related Disorders | |
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| Difficulties in Distinguishing Psychopathology from Culture-Related Conditions | |
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| Guidelines to Distinguish Psychopathology from Culture-Related Conditions | |
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| DSM-IV Cultural Variations and Culturally Sensitive V-Codes | |
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| DSM-IV Outline for Cultural Formulation | |
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| A Final Thought | |
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| References | |
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| Assessing and Treating Asian Americans: Recent Advances | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Phenomenology of Distress | |
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| Preparation: A Guide to Approaching the Literature | |
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| Cultural Assessment | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Mental Health Assessment and Treatment of African Americans: A Multicultural Perspective | |
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| Sociodemographic Description | |
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| Mental Health Needs | |
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| Multicultural Assessment and Treatment Practices | |
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| Conclusions about Multicultural Assessment and Treatment Practices for African Americans | |
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| References | |
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| Assessing and Treating Latinos: Overview of Research | |
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| Learning from the Past | |
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| Current Models | |
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| Moving beyond Stereotypes | |
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| Latino Cultural Self-Construal | |
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| Assessing the Cultural Being | |
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| Culturally Approved Illness Manifestation | |
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| Service Utilization | |
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| Where Do We Go from Here? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Assessing and Treating American Indians and Alaska Natives | |
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| General Factors That Might Impact Assessment and Treatment | |
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| Specific Assessment and Treatment Suggestions | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Multicultural Issues in Treating Clients with HIV/AIDS from the African American, American Indian, Asian, and Hispanic Populations | |
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| The Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS | |
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| Multicultural Issues across Culturally Diverse Clients with HIV/AIDS | |
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| Summary and Additional Thoughts | |
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| References | |
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| The History, Current Status, and Future of Multicultural Psychotherapy | |
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| Cultural Considerations in Traditional Theories | |
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| Multicultural Counseling and Supervision Competencies | |
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| Universal versus Culture-Specific Debate | |
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| A Multicultural Metatheory | |
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| Four Multicultural Approaches | |
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| The Multicultural Worldview: The Future of Multicultural Psychotherapy | |
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| The Multicultural Psychotherapist as Social Engineer | |
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| Research Considerations in the Advancement of Multicultural Psychotherapy | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Conducting the Cross-Cultural Clinical Interview | |
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| Introduction and General Considerations | |
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| Warm-up and Screening | |
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| Follow-up on Preliminary Impressions | |
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| Diagnosis and Feedback | |
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| Prognosis and Treatment | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| The Mental Health of Culturally Diverse Elderly: Research and Clinical Issues | |
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| Who Are the Minority Elderly? | |
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| Factors Influencing the Mental Health of All Older Adults | |
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| Factors Unique to Older Minorities | |
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| Special Problems for Research and Clinical Care | |
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| Critical Mental Disorders among Older Adults | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Race, Ethnicity, and the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in Adults | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Studies Prior to the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study | |
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| Diagnostic Community Surveys | |
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| Issues Likely to Influence Rates Used in Ethnic Comparisons | |
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| References | |
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| Depression and Suicidal Behaviors among Adolescents: The Role of Ethnicity | |
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| Ethnicity and Adolescent Depression | |
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| Ethnicity and Adolescent Suicide Behaviors | |
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| Ethnicity as an Etiologic Agent | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Culturally Competent Use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 with Minorities | |
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| To What Extent Is the MMPI-2 Used with American Ethnic Minorities? | |
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| What Are the Trends of MMPI-2 Research with Minorities? | |
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| What Types of Research Still Need to Be Considered with the MMPI-2? | |
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| What Defines a Culturally Competent Approach with the MMPI-2? | |
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| Case Studies with the MMPI-2 | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Neuropsychological Assessment of Ethnic Minorities: Clinical Issues | |
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| Objectives and Development of a Culturally Sensitive Clinical Neuropsychology | |
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| Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Culturally Dissimilar Person | |
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| Future Perspectives in the Assessment of Culturally Dissimilar Patients | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Training in Cultural Competence | |
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| Limitations of the Multicultural Approach to Psychotherapy with Diverse Clients | |
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| Minority Clients' Race or Ethnicity Is Necessarily Related to the Presenting Problem | |
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| Non-White Cultures Are Infallible | |
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| Race and Ethnicity Are Stronger Predictors of Behavior Than Social Class | |
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| In a Multicultural Therapy Situation, Therapists Are White and Clients are Non-White Minorities | |
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| Racism and Prejudice Are Unique Characteristics of White Therapists | |
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| Psychology Is Irrelevant to "Minorities" | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Responding to the Challenge: Preparing Mental Health Professionals for the New Millennium | |
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| Demographic Trends of the United States | |
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| Etic and Emic Approaches to Multicultural Clinical Services | |
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| Commonalities among Diversities | |
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| Specific Multicultural Curriculum and Training Issues | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |