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| The Resource Economy of Plant Reproduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Prelude | |
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| The Principle of Allocation | |
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| Reproductive Effort | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Problems in Determining Reproductive Allocation | |
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| The Currency | |
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| Definition of Reproductive versus Non-reproductive Plant Parts | |
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| When Should Reproductive Allocation be Measured? | |
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| Dynamic Resource Allocation | |
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| Empirical Patterns in Reproductive Allocation | |
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| RA and Life History | |
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| RA in relation to Succession, Competition and Disturbance | |
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| RA in Relation to Environmental Stress | |
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| Genetic Variation in RA | |
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| What Does the Evidence Say? | |
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| Costs of Reproduction | |
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| Methodological Issues | |
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| Quantitative Links Between Reproductive Allocation and Costs | |
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| Conclusions References | |
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| Meristem Allocation as a Means of Assessing Reproductive Allocation | |
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| Abstract | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Developmental and Physiological Background of Meristem Allocation | |
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| Meristem Structure and Generation of Plant Architecture | |
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| Axillary Bud Formation and Subsequent Development of the Bud | |
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| Genetics and Physiology of the Floral Transition | |
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| Meristem Types | |
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| Meristem Models | |
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| The Assumptions of the Models | |
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| The Impact of Meristem Allocation on Reproductive Allocation | |
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| Plasticity of Meristem Allocation | |
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| Major Genes of Meristem Allocation | |
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| Resource Levels and Meristem Limitation | |
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| The Function of Dormant Buds | |
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| Meristem Allocation as a Surrogate in Estimation of Resource Allocation | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| It Never Rains but then it Pours: The Diverse Effects of Water on Flower Integrity and Function | |
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| Abstract | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Functional Ecology of Water in the Life of a Flower | |
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| Water Use by Flowers | |
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| The Water Cost of Flowers | |
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| Water as a regulator of Flower Microclimate | |
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| Water as a conduit for Environmental Sources of Flower Damage | |
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| Water Relations and the Evolution of Floral Traits | |
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| Floral Traits as Resource Sinks: The Resource Cost Hypothesis | |
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| Floral Traits and Water in the Microclimate: Parental Environmental Effects | |
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| Plastic Responses of Floral Traits to Water Availability: Impact on Plant/Pollinator Interactions | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| The Allometry of Reproductive Allocation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definition and Analysis of RA in Relation to Allometry | |
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| Allometry Theory and RA | |
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| Relation of RA to Relative Fitness | |
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| Allometry of Modules | |
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| Allometry of RA and Plant Life History | |
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| Determinants of Allometry | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Sex-Specific Physiology and Its Implications for the Cost of Reproduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sexual Polymorphisms | |
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| Costs of Reproduction | |
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| Male Costs | |
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| Female Costs | |
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| Common Flower Costs | |
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| Demographic Costs | |
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| Avenues for Mitigating the Cost of Reproduction | |
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| Photosynthetic Reproductive Organs | |
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| Increased Vegetative Photosynthesis | |
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| Increased Resource Uptake and Water Use Effeciency | |
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| Resorption | |
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| Predictions for Sex-Specific Physiology Based on Differential Reproductive Costs | |
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| Predictions for Females and Males | |
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| Predictions for Hermaphrodites in Monomorphic Sexual Systems: Cosexuality. Monoecy and Diphasy | |
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| Predictions for Hermaphrodites in Dimorphic Sexual Systems: Gynodioecy and Subdioecy | |
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| Potential Causes of Sex-Specific Physiology | |
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| Physiological Differences Reflect Plastic Responses to Contrasting Reproductive Allocation between Sexes | |
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| Selection Modifies Physiological Traits after the Separation of the Sexes to Meet Differential Reproductive Costs<b | |