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| Foreword | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Contents | |
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| Transport infrastructure in Europe | |
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| Transport infrastructure in context | |
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| The transport sector. Evolving with wealth | |
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| Transport and territory hand in hand | |
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| The imprint of the car | |
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| Focus on terminals | |
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| Carrying the burden of integration | |
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| Tireless travellers | |
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| From transport to logistics | |
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| A new European conflict? Expanding transport vs. constrained infrastructure | |
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| Roads everywhere | |
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| A crossroad for railways | |
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| Waterways in a backwater | |
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| Too many ports? | |
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| Airports. The unchallenged spot | |
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| Facing present and future challenges | |
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| A look into the future | |
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| Europe is not an island | |
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| More than a single market | |
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| Lifestyle mutations | |
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| Less work, more trips | |
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| Urban sprawl | |
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| Technology winks | |
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| Rapid and clean | |
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| Intelligent | |
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| Integrated | |
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| Plenty of energy | |
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| Is environment the real challenge? | |
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| Are Europeans the dirty ones? | |
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| Is transport to blame? | |
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| Which transport, which pocket? | |
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| Will TENs respond to the challenge? | |
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| Linking with non-EU countries | |
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| Future partners | |
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| A burdensome legacy | |
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| Converging demand patterns | |
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| The need for comprehensive and resolute action | |
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| Mediterranean countries: a medium-term challenge | |
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| Spatial disequilibrium | |
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| Unbalanced modal distribution | |
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| Relentless demand pressures | |
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| Poor organisation and administration | |
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| Looking for a European helping hand | |
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| The long march towards trans-European networks | |
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| The slow development of a Community policy on transport infrastructure | |
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| The missing umbrella of a common transport policy | |
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| Infrastructure: always present, never tackled | |
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| Maastricht at last | |
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| The foundations of the TENs concept | |
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| Transport policy: the need for action | |
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| Single Market: facilitating integration | |
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| Distribution of European funds: linking periphery and centre | |
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| Central and Eastern Europe: coping with a new geopolitical scenario | |
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| Unemployment: the long shadow of Keynes | |
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| Lobbies: construction means business | |
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| Railways: change or die | |
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| Community budget: the bicycle theory | |
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| Gestation of the TENs policy | |
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| High-speed trains open the way | |
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| The priority projects | |
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| New means, new partners | |
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| Future action: aiming at a moving target | |
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| European planning? | |
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| What about the market? | |
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| Where is the money? | |
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| The TENs Guidelines: a half-missed opportunity | |
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| Potential and limitations of the Guidelines | |
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| For the European scale: the high-speed train network | |
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| A revealing design process | |
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| Unyielding national interests | |
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| A system for the future | |
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| No role for conventional rail in TENs | |
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| Combined transport needs much more | |
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| Just national roads? | |
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| The inland waterways network: old dreams | |
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| Ports do not "network" | |
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| All airports are TEN | |
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| Too many flaws | |
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| Modal biases | |
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| Terminals out of focus | |
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| Restricted view | |
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| Rethinking TENs: towards an integrated planning framework | |
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| The need for a new approach to TENs planning | |
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| Towards a multimodal TEN | |
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| A golden triangle of goals | |
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| Efficiency | |
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| Sustainability | |
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| Cohesion | |
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| An open set of objectives | |
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| Search for efficiency | |
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| Responding to sustainability concerns | |
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| Opening the way for a cohesive Europe | |
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| Complex objectives need simple solutions | |
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| The message is integration | |
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| A joint effort by all Member States | |
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| Infrastructure plans linked to other policies | |
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| The best combination of transport modes | |
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| Merging with the regional and local scales | |
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| A framework proposal for the multimodal TEN | |
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| Roads for accessibility | |
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| Creating a future for rail | |
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| Backing inland navigation where it matters | |
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| Launching short-sea shipping | |
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| Enhancing airport links | |
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| Planning from the nodes up | |
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| Connecting the multimodal TEN with the neighbours | |
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| Key issues for the multimodal TEN | |
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| Technical questions can be answered | |
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| Politics will make the difference | |
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| Realizing the multimodal TEN | |
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| The political context | |
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| A major investment effort | |
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| A change in approach towards infrastructure construction | |
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| A European plan | |
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| Commitment from Member States | |
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| The decision-making process | |
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| The need for EU contribution | |
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| What community interest? | |
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| Efficiency issues | |
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| Economic evaluations at all stages | |
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| Project costs and benefits | |
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| The scenario behind the plot | |
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| Speed and safety | |
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| Network effects | |
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| Harmonisation | |
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| Redistribution | |
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| Sustainability issues | |
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| Introducing some logic into the "green" debate | |
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| A separate environmental evaluation | |
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| Towards better environmental assessment | |
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| Cohesion issues | |
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| Minimum accessibility to the basic networks | |
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| Social impacts | |
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| TENs and job creation | |
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| European integration | |
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| A neighbourly approach | |
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| Many secondary effects | |
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| Financing trans-European transport projects | |
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| Transport infrastructure investment: a business like no other? | |
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| The overwhelming presence of the public sector | |
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| More room for the private sector? | |
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| Options to finance major transport infrastructures | |
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| Budget financing | |
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| Public financing through autonomous project vehicles | |
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| Concessions | |
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| Implications of private financing | |
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| Is private financing expensive? | |
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| Where are the risks? | |
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| Feasibility studies | |
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| Construction | |
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| Operation | |
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| Setting the right context for private financing | |
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| EU contribution to TENs financing | |
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| Grants from the EU budget | |
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| Loans of the European Investment Bank | |
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| Guarantees of the European Investment Fund | |
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| Any more EU money for TENs? | |
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| A helping hand for the accession countries | |
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| Financing links with the Mediterranean partners | |
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| Going trans-European | |
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| A political and financial challenge | |
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| Moving ahead | |
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| Co-operative planning | |
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| Commitment through joint programming | |
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| Additional funds | |
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| From consensus to action | |
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| Identification of the project's key issues | |
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| The European components | |
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| Joint programming | |
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| Studies with a European bias | |
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| A clear set up | |
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| A more assertive role for the European institutions | |
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| Commission's initiative | |
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| A European Transport Infrastructure Agency | |
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| EIB: new ways for new challenges | |
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| EIF: catalyst for private investment | |
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| A fertile field for accession assistance | |
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| No TENs without policy action | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Acronyms | |
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| References | |
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| Annex A | |
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| Annex B | |
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| Annex C | |
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| Subject Index | |