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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: The Study of Health and Aging | |
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| How Old Is Old? | |
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| The Study of Aging | |
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| Our Nation's Elders: The Facts | |
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| Ageism | |
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| Who Are Our Nation's Elders? | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Diversity | |
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| Working with Minority Elders: Obstacles and Opportunities | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Biologic Aging Theories and Longevity | |
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| Living Long and Well | |
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| Studying Longevity | |
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| Overview of Cell Reproduction and Repair | |
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| Biologic Theories of Aging | |
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| Attempts to Extend the Length of Life | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Changes in the Body with Age | |
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| Studying the Physiological Process of Aging | |
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| Defining Age Changes | |
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| The Integumentary System | |
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| The Musculoskeletal System | |
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| The Cardiovascular System | |
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| The Lymphatic and Immune Systems | |
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| The Respiratory System | |
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| The Digestive System | |
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| The Urinary System | |
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| The Nervous System | |
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| The Endocrine System | |
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| The Genital System | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Chronic Illnesses: The Top Five Killers | |
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| The Nature of Chronic Illness | |
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| Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness | |
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| The Five Major Killers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Other Chronic Diseases and Conditions | |
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| Musculoskeletal Disorders | |
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| Endocrine Disorders | |
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| Digestive Disorders | |
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| Circulatory Conditions | |
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| Urogenital Disorders | |
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| Skin Conditions | |
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| Neurological Disorders | |
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| Vision Disorders | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Acute Illnesses and Accidents | |
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| Acute Illnesses in Elders | |
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| Accidents | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Mental Health and Mental Disorders | |
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| Mental Health | |
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| Transitions in Later Life | |
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| Mental Disorders | |
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| Psychoactive Medications | |
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| Psychological Therapy | |
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| Mental Health Services | |
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| Factors Limiting Use of Mental Health Services | |
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| Financing Mental Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Medication Use | |
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| Medication Overview | |
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| Elder Medication Use and Cost | |
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| Pharmacokinetics | |
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| Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs | |
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| Prescription Drags | |
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| Generic vs. Brand-Name Drugs | |
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| Polypharmacy | |
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| Drag Interactions | |
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| Adverse Drag Reactions | |
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| Medication Errors | |
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| Promoting Effective Drag Use | |
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| Alternatives to Drags | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Physical Activity | |
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| Components of Physical Fitness | |
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| Benefits of Physical Activity | |
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| Hazards of Inactivity | |
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| Exercise to Prevent and Treat Disease | |
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| Exercise: A Prescription for Health | |
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| Elders' Activity Level | |
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| Exercise Promotion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Nutrition | |
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| Essential Dietary Components | |
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| Dietary Guidelines for Americans | |
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| The Study of Diet and Nutrition | |
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| Nutritional Status of Elders | |
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| Common Nutritional Problems | |
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| Dietary Considerations for Selected Diseases and Conditions | |
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| Effect of Drag Use on Nutritional Status | |
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| Vitamin and Mineral Supplements | |
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| Factors Affecting Nutritional Status | |
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| Nutrition Assessment | |
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| Nutrition Education and Counseling | |
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| Nutrition Programs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Sexuality | |
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| Misconceptions of Elder Sexuality | |
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| Sexual Activity in Later Life | |
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| Changes in Sexual Response with Age | |
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| Sexuality in Special Elder Populations | |
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| The Effect of Chronic Illness on Sexuality | |
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| Other Factors Influencing Sexual Function | |
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| Sexual Dysfunction | |
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| Sex Education | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Prevention and Health Promotion | |
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| Prevention: An Overview | |
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| The Healthy People Initiative | |
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| Primary Prevention: Vaccines and Pills | |
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| Secondary Prevention: Screening | |
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| Tertiary Prevention | |
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| Preventive Services: Utilization and Expenditures | |
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| Health Promotion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Medical Care | |
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| Financing Medical Care | |
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| Medical Care: Issues to Address | |
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| Advances in Medical Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Long-Term Care | |
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| The Need for Long-Term Care | |
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| Funding Sources for Long-Term Care | |
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| Home Care | |
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| Nursing Homes | |
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| Planning for Long-Term Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Dying, Death, and Grief | |
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| Death Defined | |
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| Who Should Decide? | |
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| Advance Directives | |
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| Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide | |
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| Choosing to Die/Suicide | |
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| Attitudes Toward Dying and Death | |
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| Options on Where to Die | |
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| The Dying Trajectory | |
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| Caring for the Dying | |
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| Bereavement and Grief | |
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| Summary | |
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| Activities | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |