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| Aristocracy and Absolutism in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| Primary Sources | |
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| Using Primary Sources: Austria Over All If She Only Will: Mercantilism | |
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| Austria Over All If She Only Will: Mercantilism | |
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| The Great Elector, A Secret Letter: Monarchical Authority in Prussia | |
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| Memoirs: The Aristocracy Undermined in France | |
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| Second Treatise of Civil Government: Legislative Power | |
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| Visual Sources | |
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| Using Visual Sources: The Early Modern Chateau | |
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| The Early Modern Chateau (photo) | |
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| Maternal Care (illustration) | |
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| Secondary Sources | |
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| Using Secondary Sources: Absolutism: Myth and Reality | |
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| Absolutism: Myth and Reality | |
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| The English Revolution, 1688-1689 | |
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| The World We Have Lost: The Early Modern Family | |
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| Childhood in Early Modern Times | |
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| The Scientific Revolution | |
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| Primary Sources | |
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| The Discourse on Method | |
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| Letter to Christina of Tuscany: Science and Scripture | |
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| The Papal Inquisition of 1633: Galileo Condemned | |
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| Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy | |
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| Visual Sources | |
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| A Vision of the New Science (illustration) | |
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| The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp (illustration) | |
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| Secondary Sources | |
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| Early Modern Europe: Motives for the Scientific Revolution | |
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| Nature as a Machine: The Clock | |
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| The Alchemist | |
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| No Scientific Revolution for Women | |
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| Politics and Society in the Ancien Regime | |
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| Primary Sources | |
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| Frederick the Great, Political Testament | |
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| The Complete English Tadesman | |
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| Anonymous, The Slave Trade | |
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| Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Letter to Lady R., 1716: Women and the Aristocracy | |
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| Women of the Third Estate | |
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| Visual Sources | |
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| Happy Accidents of the Swing (illustration) | |
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| Act of Humanity (illustration) | |
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| The Battle of Fontenoy (text and illustration) | |
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| The Atlantic Slave Trade (chart) | |
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| Secondary Sources | |
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| Slavery--White, Black, Muslim, Christian | |
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| The Ancien Regime: Ideals and Realities | |
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| The Resurgent Aristocracy | |
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| Lords and Peasants | |
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| Women's Work in Preindustrial Europe | |
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| The Enlightenment | |
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| Primary Sources | |
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| What is Enlightenment | |
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| The System of Nature | |
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| Prospectus for the Encyclopedia of Arts and Sciences | |
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| The Philosophe | |
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| Voltaire, Philisophical Dictionary: The English Model | |
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| A Vindication of the Rights of Woman | |
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| The Age of Reason: Deism | |
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| The Social Contract | |
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| Visual Sources | |
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| Frontispiece of the Encyclopedie (illustration) | |
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| Experiment with an Air Pump (illustration) | |
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| The Secularization of European Thought | |
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| Joseph II of Austria, Propoganda and the Enlightened Monarch (text and illustration) | |
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| Secondary Sources | |
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| The Heavenly City of the Eighteenth-Century Philosophers | |
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| Women in the Salons | |
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| The Nineteenth Century | |
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| The French Revolution | |
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| Primary Sources | |
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| Travels in France: Signs of Revolution | |
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| The Cashiers: Discontents of the Third Estate | |
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| |
| What is the Third Estate? | |
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| |
| Revolutionary Legislation: Abolition of the Feudal System | |
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| The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | |
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| |
| Declaration of the Rights of Women | |
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| The Declaration of Independence | |
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| |
| Maximilien Robespierre, Speech to the National Convention--February 5, 1794: The Terror Justified | |
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| A Soldier's Letters to His Mother: | |
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| Revolutionary Nationalism | |
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| Visual Sources | |
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| Allegory of the Revolution (illustration) | |
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| |
| Henri de la Rochjacquelein (illustration) | |
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| |
| Internal Disturbances and the Reign of Terror (maps and charts) | |
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| Secondary Sources | |
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| |
| The Coming of the French Revolution | |
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| |
| The Revolution of the Notables | |
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| Loaves and Liberty: Women in the French Revolution | |
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| |
| An Evaluation of the French Revolution | |
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| |
| The Age of Napoleon | |
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| Primary Sources | |
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| Memoirs: Napoleon's Appeal | |
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| Memoirs: Napoleon's Secret Police | |
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| Napoleon's Diary | |
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| Visual Sources | |
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| |
| Napoleon Crossing the Alps (illustration) | |
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| |
| Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims at Jaffa (illustration) | |
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| |
| Secondary Sources | |
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| |
| Napoleon: The Authoritarian Statesman | |
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| |
| Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution | |
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| |
| Women and the Napoleon Code | |
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| |
| Industrialization and Social Change | |
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| Primary Sources | |
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| |
| Testimony for the Factory Act of 1833: Working Condition in England | |
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| |
| Sybil, or the Two Nations: Mining Towns | |
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| |
| The Condition of the Working Class in England | |
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| |
| Self-Help: Middle-Class Attitudes | |
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| |
| Father Goriot: Money and the Middle Class | |
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| Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character | |
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| Visual Sources | |
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| |
| Gare Saint Lazare (illustration) | |
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| |
| Iron and Coal (illustration) | |
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| |
| Illustration from Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong (illustrations) | |
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| |
| Industrialization and Demographic Change (maps) | |
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| |
| Secondary Sources | |
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| |
| The Making of Economic Society: England, the First to Industrialize | |
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| |
| The Industrial Revolution in Russia | |
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| |
| Early Industrial Society: Progress or Decline? | |
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| |
| The Family and Industrialization in Western Europe | |
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| |
| Reaction, Reform, Revolution, and Romanticism: 1815-1848 | |
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| |
| Primary Sources | |
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| |
| Secret Memorandum to Tsar Alexander I, 1820: Conservative Principals | |
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| |
| The Carlsbad Decrees, 1819: Conservative Repression | |
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| |
| English Liberalism | |
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| |
| The Economist, 1851, Liberalism: Progress and Optimism | |
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| |
| The First Chartist Petition: Demands for Change in England | |
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| |
| Annual Register, 1848, An Eyewitness Account of the Revolutions of 1848 in Germany | |
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| |
| The Tables Turned: The Glories of Nature | |
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| Visual Sources | |
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| |
| Abbey Graveyard in the Snow (illustration) | |
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| |
| |
| The Genius of Christianity (text) | |
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| |
| Liberty Leading the People: Romanticism and Liberalism (illustration) | |
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| |
| |
| Working Class Disappointments: Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834 (illustration) | |
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| |
| |
| Secondary Sources | |
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| |
| The Congress of Vienna | |
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| |
| Western Liberalism | |
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| |
| |
| The European Revolutions, 1848-1851 | |
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| |
| |
| The Revolutions of 1848 | |
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| |
| |
| |
| The National State, Nationalism, and Imperialism: 1850-1914 | |
| |
| |
| Primary Sources | |
| |
| |
| Speeches on Pragmatism and State Socialism | |
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| |
| |
| The Duties of Man | |
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| |
| |
| Militant Nationalism | |
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| |
| |
| Does Germany need Colonies? | |
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| |
| |
| The White Man's Burden | |
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| |
| |
| Controlling Africa: The Standard Treaty | |
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| |
| Melancholia | |
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| |
| Visual Sources | |
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| |
| Imperialism Glorified (illustration) | |
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| |
| |
| American Imperialism in Asia: Independence Day 1899 (illustration) | |
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| |
| Imperialism in Africa (maps) | |
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| |
| Secondary Sources | |
| |
| |
| A Sterner Plan for Italian Unity: Nationalism, Liberalism, and Conservatism | |
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| |
| |
| The Age of Empire | |
| |
| |
| |
| Imperialism as Nationalistic Phenomenon | |
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| |
| |
| The Tools of Empire | |
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| |
| |
| Gender and Empire | |
| |
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| |
| |
| Culture, Thought, and Society: 1850-1914 | |
| |
| |
| Primary Sources | |
| |
| |
| The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man | |
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| |
| |
| Social Statics: Liberalism and Social Darwinism | |
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| |
| |
| On Liberty | |
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| |
| |
| Our Sisters, Women as Chemists [Pharmacists] | |
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| |
| The Communist Manifesto | |
| |
| |
| |
| Socialist Women: Becoming a Socialist | |
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| |
| |
| Why We Are Militant | |
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| |
| |
| Syllabus of Errors | |
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| |
| |
| Foundations of the Nineteenth Century: Racism | |
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| |
| |
| Judaism in Music: Anti-Semitism | |
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| |
| |
| Visual Sources | |
| |
| |
| The hatch Family: The Upper Middle Class (illustration) | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ages of Woman (illustration) | |
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| |
| Lunch Hour: The Working Class (illustration) | |
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| |
| |
| The Stages of a Workers' Life (illustration) | |
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| |
| |
| The City (illustration) | |
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| |
| |
| Secondary Sources | |
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| |
| The Decline of Political Liberalism | |
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| |
| |
| The Unfinished Revolution: Marxism Interpreted | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Nineteenth-Century Industrialization and Urban Life | |
| |
| |
| |
| European Women | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Twentieth Century: 1914 to The Present | |
| |
| |
| |
| War and Revolution: 1914-1920 | |
| |
| |
| Primary Sources | |
| |
| |
| The Home Front | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dulce et Decorum Est: Disillusionment Program of the Provisional Government in Russia | |
| |
| |
| |
| April Theses: The Bolshevik Opposition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Speech to the Petrograd Soviet--November 8, 1917: The Bolsheviks in Power | |
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| |
| |
| The Fourteen Points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Visual Sources | |
| |
| |
| World War I: The Front Lines (photo) | |
| |
| |
| The Paths of Glory (figure) | |
| |
| |
| |
| World War II: The Home Front and Women (photo and charts) | |
| |
| |
| Revolutionary Propaganda (illustration) | |
| |
| |
| Secondary Sources | |
| |
| |
| Germany and the Coming of War | |
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| |
| |
| The Outbreak of the First World War | |
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| |
| |
| The Revolution in War and Diplomacy | |
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| |
| |
| Women, Work, and World War I | |
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| |
| Peace and Diplomacy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Russian Revolution | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Democracy, Depression, and Instability: The 1920s and 1930s | |
| |
| |
| Primary Sources | |
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| |
| The Road Back | |
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| |
| Restless Days | |
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| |
| With Germany's Unemployed Program of the Popular Front--January 11, 1936 | |
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| |
| |
| The Revolt of the Masses | |
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| |
| Civilization and Its Discontents | |
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| |
| |
| Visual Sources | |
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| |
| Decadence in the Weimar Republic (illustration) | |
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| |
| |
| Unemployment and Politics in the Weimar Republic (charts) | |
| |
| |
| Unemployment during the Great Depression, 1930-1938 (chart) | |
| |
| |
| Unemployment and the Appeal to Women (illustration) | |
| |
| |
| Secondary Sources | |
| |
| |
| The Generation of 1914: Dissillusionment | |
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| |
| |
| Government and the Governed: The Interwar Years | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Great Depression in Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Communism, Fascism, and Authoritarianism | |
| |
| |
| Primary Sources | |
| |
| |
| The Doctrine of Fascism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mein Kampf | |
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| |
| |
| Nazi Propaganda Pamphlet | |
| |
| |
| |
| The German Woman and National Socialism [Nazism] | |
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| |
| |
| The Theory and Practice of Hell: The Nazi Elite | |
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| |
| |
| The Informed Heart: Nazi Concentration Camps | |
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| |
| |
| Witness to the Holocaust | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problems of Agrarian Policy in the U.S.S.R.: Soviet Collectivization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Report to the Congress of Soviets, 1936: Soviet Democracy | |
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| |
| |
| Visual Sources | |
| |
| |
| Nazi Mythology (illustration) | |
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| |
| |
| Socialist Realism (illustration) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism, 1919-1937 (map) | |
| |
| |
| Secondary Sources | |
| |
| |
| Fascism in Western Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Rise of Fascism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hitler and Nazism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dictatorship in Russia: Stalin's Purges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nazism and Communism | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| World War II and the Postwar World | |
| |
| |
| Primary Sources | |
| |
| |
| The Battle of Britain | |
| |
| |
| |
| A German Soldier at Stalingrad | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan | |
| |
| |
| The Cold War: A Soviet Perspective | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Berlin Wall | |
| |
| |
| |
| British Labor's Rise to Power | |
| |
| |
| |
| The General Assembly of the United Nations, Declaration Against Colonialism | |
| |
| |
| The Balfour Declaration, U.N. Resolution 242, and A Palestinian Memoir: Israel, Palestine, and the Middle East | |
| |
| |
| The Second Sex | |
| |
| |
| |
| Redstockings, A Feminist Manifesto | |
| |
| |
| Visual Sources | |
| |
| |
| The Destruction of Europe (map) | |
| |
| |
| The Cold War and European Integration (map) | |
| |
| |
| Decolonization in Asia and Africa (map) | |
| |
| |
| Televised Violence (photo) | |
| |
| |
| Number 1 (illustration and text) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Secondary Sources | |
| |
| |
| Appeasement at Munich Attacked | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Origins of the Second World War: Appeasement Defended | |
| |
| |
| |
| A World at Arms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Origins of the Cold War | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Collapse of European Empires | |
| |
| |
| |
| Life and Death in the Third Reich | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wretched of the Earth | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Present in Perspective | |
| |
| |
| The Short Century--It's Over | |
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| |
| |
| The End of the Cold War | |
| |
| |
| |
| After Communism: Causes for the Collapse | |
| |
| |
| |
| War in Bosnia and Ethnic Cleansing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modernization: The Western and Non-Western Worlds (photo) | |
| |
| |
| Terrorism and the Clash of Civilizations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Future after 9-11-01 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Religious Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The War in Iraq | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Middle East and Iraq, 2003 (map) | |
| |
| |
| Global Warming | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Rise of China | |
| |
| |
| |
| Globalization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ecological Threats | |
| |