| |
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| The Product and the Process | |
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| The Product | |
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| The Evolving Role of Software | |
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| Software | |
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| Software: A Crisis on the Horizon | |
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| Software Myths | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
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| Further Readings and Information Sheets | |
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| The Process | |
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| Software Engineering - A Layered Technology | |
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| The Software Process | |
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| Software Process Models | |
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| The Linear Sequential Model | |
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| The Prototyping Model | |
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| The RAD Model | |
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| Evolutionary Software Process Models | |
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| Component-Based Development | |
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| The Formal Methods Model | |
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| Fourth Generation techniques | |
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| Process Technology | |
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| Product and Process | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
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| Further Readings and Information Resources | |
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| Managing Software Projects | |
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| Project Management Concepts | |
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| The Management Spectrum | |
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| People | |
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| The Product | |
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| The Process | |
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| The Project | |
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| The W5HH Principle | |
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| Critical Practices | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
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| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
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| Software Process and Project Metrics | |
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| Measures, Metrics and Indicators | |
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| Metrics in the Process and Project Domains | |
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| Software Measurement | |
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| Reconciling Different Metric Approaches | |
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| Metrics for Software Quality | |
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| Integrating Metrics Within the Software Engineering Process | |
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| The Development of Metrics and GQM | |
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| Managing Variation - Statistical Process Control | |
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| Metrics for Small Organisations | |
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| |
| Establishing a Software Metrics Program | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
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| |
| Further Reading and Information Sources | |
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| |
| Software Project Planning | |
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| |
| Observations on Estimating | |
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| |
| Project Planning Objectives | |
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| |
| Software Scope | |
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| Resources | |
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| |
| Software Project Estimation | |
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| |
| Decomposition Techniques | |
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| |
| Empirical Estimation Models | |
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| The Make-Buy Decision | |
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| Automated Estimation Tools | |
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| Summary | |
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| Summary | |
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| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
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| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
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| |
| Risk Analysis and Management | |
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| |
| Reactive vs. Proactive Risk Strategies | |
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| |
| Software Risks | |
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| |
| Risk Identification | |
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| |
| Risk Projection | |
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| |
| Risk Refinement | |
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| |
| Risk Mitigation, Monitoring and Management | |
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| |
| Safety Risks and Hazards | |
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| |
| The RMMM Plan | |
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| Summary | |
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| |
| References | |
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| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
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| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
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| |
| Project Scheduling and Tracking | |
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| |
| Basic Concepts | |
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| |
| The Relationship Between People and Effort | |
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| |
| Defining a Set Task for the Software Project | |
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| |
| Selecting Software Engineering Tasks | |
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| |
| Refinement of Major Tasks | |
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| |
| Defining a Task Network | |
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| |
| Scheduling | |
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| |
| Earned Value Analysis | |
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| |
| Error Tracking | |
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| |
| The Project plan | |
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| |
| Summary | |
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| |
| References | |
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| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
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| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
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| |
| Software Quality Assurance | |
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| |
| Quality Concepts | |
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| |
| The Quality Movement | |
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| |
| Software Quality Assurance | |
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| |
| Software Reviews | |
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| |
| Formal Technical Reviews | |
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| |
| Statistical Quality Assurance | |
| |
| |
| Software Reliability | |
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| |
| Mistake Proofing for Software | |
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| |
| The ISO 9000 Quality standards | |
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| |
| The SQA Plan | |
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| |
| Summary | |
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| |
| References | |
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| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
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| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
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| |
| Software Configuration Management | |
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| |
| Software Configuration Management | |
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| |
| The SCM Process | |
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| |
| Identification of Objects in the Software Configuration | |
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| |
| Version Control | |
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| |
| Change Control | |
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| |
| Configuration Audit | |
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| |
| Status Reporting | |
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| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
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| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Conventional Methods for Software Engineering | |
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| |
| Systems Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Computer-Based Systems | |
| |
| |
| The System Engineering Hierarchy | |
| |
| |
| Business process Engineering: An Overview | |
| |
| |
| Product Engineering: An Overview | |
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| |
| Requirements Engineering | |
| |
| |
| System Modelling | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
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| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
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| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
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| |
| Analysis Concepts and Principles | |
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| |
| Requirements Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Requirement s Elicitation for software | |
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| |
| Analysis Principles | |
| |
| |
| Software Prototyping | |
| |
| |
| Specification | |
| |
| |
| Specification review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
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| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
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| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
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| |
| Analysis Modelling | |
| |
| |
| a Brief History | |
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| |
| The Elements of the Analysis Model | |
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| |
| Data Modelling | |
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| |
| Functional modelling and Information Flow | |
| |
| |
| Behavioural Modelling | |
| |
| |
| The Mechanics of Structured Analysis | |
| |
| |
| The Data Dictionary | |
| |
| |
| An Overview of Other Classical Analysis Methods | |
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| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
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| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Design Concepts and Principles | |
| |
| |
| Software Design and Software Engineering | |
| |
| |
| The Design Process | |
| |
| |
| Design Principles | |
| |
| |
| Design Concepts | |
| |
| |
| Effective Modular Design | |
| |
| |
| Design Heuristics for Effective Modularity | |
| |
| |
| The Design Model | |
| |
| |
| Design Documentation | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Architectural Design | |
| |
| |
| Software Architecture | |
| |
| |
| Data Design | |
| |
| |
| Architectural Styles | |
| |
| |
| Analysing Alternative Architectural Designs | |
| |
| |
| Mapping Requirements into a Software Architecture | |
| |
| |
| Transform Mapping | |
| |
| |
| Transaction Mapping | |
| |
| |
| Refining the Architectural Design | |
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| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Using Interface DESIGN | |
| |
| |
| The Golden Rules | |
| |
| |
| User Interface Design | |
| |
| |
| Task Analysis and Modelling | |
| |
| |
| Interface Design Activities | |
| |
| |
| Implementation Tools | |
| |
| |
| Design Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Component Level DESIGN | |
| |
| |
| Structured Programming | |
| |
| |
| Comparison of Design Notation | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Software Testing TECHNIQUES | |
| |
| |
| Software Testing Fundamental | |
| |
| |
| Test Case Design | |
| |
| |
| White-Box Testing | |
| |
| |
| Basis Path Testing | |
| |
| |
| Control Structure Testing | |
| |
| |
| Black-Box Testing | |
| |
| |
| Testing for Specialised Environments, Architectures and Applications | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Software Testing STRATEGIES | |
| |
| |
| A Strategic Approach to Software Testing | |
| |
| |
| Strategic Issues | |
| |
| |
| Unit Testing | |
| |
| |
| Integration testing | |
| |
| |
| Validation testing | |
| |
| |
| System Testing | |
| |
| |
| The Art of Debugging | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Technical Metrics for SOFTWARE | |
| |
| |
| Software Quality | |
| |
| |
| A Framework for Technical Software Metrics | |
| |
| |
| Metrics for the Analysis Model | |
| |
| |
| Metrics for the Design Model | |
| |
| |
| Metrics for Source Code | |
| |
| |
| Metrics for testing | |
| |
| |
| Metrics for Maintenance | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| OBJECT-Oriented Software ENGINEERING | |
| |
| |
| OBJECT-Oriented Concepts and PRINCIPLES | |
| |
| |
| The Object-Oriented Paradigm | |
| |
| |
| Object-Oriented Concepts | |
| |
| |
| Identifying the Elements of an Object Model | |
| |
| |
| Management of Object-Oriented Software Projects | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| OBJECT-Oriented Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Object-Oriented Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Domain Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Generic Components of the OO Analysis Model | |
| |
| |
| The OOA Process | |
| |
| |
| The Object-Relationship Model | |
| |
| |
| The Object Behaviour Model | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| OBJECT-Oriented Design | |
| |
| |
| Design for Object-Oriented Systems | |
| |
| |
| The System design process | |
| |
| |
| The Object Design Process | |
| |
| |
| Design Patterns | |
| |
| |
| Object-Oriented Programming | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| OBJECT-Oriented Testing | |
| |
| |
| Broadening the View of testing | |
| |
| |
| Testing OOA and OOD models | |
| |
| |
| Object-Oriented Testing Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Test Case design for OO Software | |
| |
| |
| Testing Methods Applicable at the Class Level | |
| |
| |
| Inter-Class test Case Design | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Technical Metrics for OBJECT-Oriented Systems | |
| |
| |
| The Intent of Object-Oriented Metrics | |
| |
| |
| The Distinguishing Characteristics of Object-Oriented Metrics | |
| |
| |
| Metrics for the OO Design Model | |
| |
| |
| Class-Oriented metrics | |
| |
| |
| Operation-Oriented Metrics | |
| |
| |
| Metrics for Object-Oriented Testing | |
| |
| |
| Metrics for Object-Oriented Projects | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Advanced Topics in Software Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Formal Methods | |
| |
| |
| Basic Concepts | |
| |
| |
| Mathematical preliminaries | |
| |
| |
| Applying Mathematical Notation for Formal Specification | |
| |
| |
| Formal Specification Languages | |
| |
| |
| Using Z to Represent Example Software Component | |
| |
| |
| The Ten Commandments of Formal Methods | |
| |
| |
| Formal Methods - The Road Ahead | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Cleanroom Software ENGINEERING | |
| |
| |
| The Cleanroom Approach | |
| |
| |
| Functional Specification | |
| |
| |
| Design Refinement and Verification | |
| |
| |
| Cleanroom Testing | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| COMPONENT-Based Software ENGINEERING | |
| |
| |
| Engineering of Component-Based Systems | |
| |
| |
| The CBSE Process | |
| |
| |
| Domain Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Component-Based Development | |
| |
| |
| Classifying and Retrieving Components | |
| |
| |
| Economics of CBSE | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points to Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| CLIENT-Server Software | |
| |
| |
| The Structure of Client Server Systems | |
| |
| |
| Software Engineering for C/S Systems | |
| |
| |
| Analysis Modelling Issues | |
| |
| |
| Design for C/S Systems | |
| |
| |
| Testing Issues | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| The Design of Distributed Systems | |
| |
| |
| Security Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Software Engineering for C/S systems | |
| |
| |
| Analysis Modelling Issues | |
| |
| |
| Design for C/S Systems | |
| |
| |
| Testing issues | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| WEB ENGINEERING | |
| |
| |
| The Attributes of Web-Based Applications | |
| |
| |
| The WebE Process | |
| |
| |
| A Framework for WebE | |
| |
| |
| Formulating/Analysing Web-Based Systems | |
| |
| |
| Design for Web-Based Applications | |
| |
| |
| Testing Web-Based Applications | |
| |
| |
| Management Issues | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Reengineering | |
| |
| |
| Business process Reengineering | |
| |
| |
| Software Reengineering | |
| |
| |
| Reverse Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Restructuring | |
| |
| |
| Forward Engineering | |
| |
| |
| The Economics of Reengineering | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| Computer-Aided Software Engineering | |
| |
| |
| What is CASE? | |
| |
| |
| Building Blocks for CASE | |
| |
| |
| A Taxonomy of CASE Tools | |
| |
| |
| Integrated CASE Environments | |
| |
| |
| The Integration Architecture | |
| |
| |
| The CASE Repository | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |
| |
| |
| The Road Ahead | |
| |
| |
| The Importance of software - Revisited | |
| |
| |
| The Scope of Changes | |
| |
| |
| People and the Way they Build Systems | |
| |
| |
| The "New" Software Engineering Process | |
| |
| |
| New Models for Representing Information | |
| |
| |
| Technology as a Driver | |
| |
| |
| A Concluding Comment | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Points To Ponder | |
| |
| |
| Further Readings and Information Sources | |