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| Preface | |
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| Introducing Social Psychology | |
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| Doing Social Psychology | |
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| Forming and Testing Theories | |
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| Correlational Research: Detecting Natural Associations | |
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| Correlation and Causation | |
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| Experimental Research: Searching for Cause and Effect | |
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| Control: Manipulating Variables | |
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| Random Assignment: The Great Equalizer | |
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| The Ethics of Experimentation | |
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| Generalizing From Laboratory to Life | |
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| Did You Know It All Along? | |
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| Social Thinking | |
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| Self-Concept: Who Am I? | |
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| At the Center of Our Worlds: Our Sense of Self | |
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| Self and Culture | |
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| Self-Knowledge | |
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| Explaining Our Behavior | |
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| Predicting Our Behavior | |
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| Predicting Our Feelings | |
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| The Wisdom and Illusions of Self-Analysis | |
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| Self-Serving Bias | |
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| Explaining Positive and Negative Events | |
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| Can We All Be Better than Average? | |
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| Focus On: Self-Serving Bias-How Do I Love Me? Let Me Count the Ways | |
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| Unrealistic Optimism | |
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| False Consensus and Uniqueness | |
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| Self-Esteem Motivation | |
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| Reflections on Self-Esteem and Self-Serving Bias | |
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| The Self-Serving Bias as Adaptive | |
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| The Self-Serving Bias as Maladaptive | |
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| The Power of Positive Thinking | |
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| Locus of Control | |
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| Learned Helplessness Versus Self-Determination | |
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| The Costs of Excess Choice | |
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| Reflections on Self-Efficacy | |
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| The Power of Positive Thinking | |
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| The Dark Side of Self-Esteem | |
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| The Fundamental Attribution Error | |
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| The Fundamental Attribution Error in Everyday Life | |
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| Why Do We Make the Attribution Error? | |
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| Perspective and Situational Awareness | |
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| Cultural Differences | |
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| How Fundamental Is the Fundamental Attribution Error? | |
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| The Powers and Perils of Intuition | |
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| The Powers of Intuition | |
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| The Limits of Intuition | |
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| We Overestimate the Accuracy of Our Judgments | |
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| Remedies for Overconfidence | |
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| Constructing Memories | |
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| Reconstructing Our Past Attitudes | |
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| Reconstructing Our Past Behavior | |
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| Reasons for Unreason | |
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| Our Preconceptions Control Our Interpretations | |
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| We Are More Swayed by Memorable Events than by Facts | |
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| We Misperceive Correlation and Control | |
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| Illusory Correlation | |
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| Illusion of Control | |
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| Our Beliefs Can Generate Their Own Confirmation | |
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| Do Teacher Expectations Affect Student Performance? | |
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| Do We Get What We Expect from Others? | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Behavior and Belief | |
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| Do Attitudes Influence Behavior? | |
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| Does Behavior Influence Attitudes? | |
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| Role Playing | |
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| Saying Becomes Believing | |
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| The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon | |
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| Evil Acts and Attitudes | |
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| Interracial Behavior and Racial Attitudes | |
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| Brainwashing | |
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| Why Does Behavior Affect Our Attitudes? | |
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| Clinical Intuition | |
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| Illusory Correlations | |
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| Hindsight | |
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| Self-Confirming Diagnoses | |
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| Clinical Versus Statistical Prediction | |
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| Implications for Better Clinical Practice | |
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| Clinical Therapy: The Powers of Social Cognition | |
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| Social Cognition and Depression | |
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| Distortion or Realism? | |
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| Is Negative Thinking a Cause or a Result of Depression? | |
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| Social Cognition and Loneliness | |
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| Social Cognition and Anxiety | |
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| Social-Psychological Approaches to Treatment | |
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| Inducing Internal Change Through External Behavior | |
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| Breaking Vicious Cycles | |
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| Social Influence | |
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| Human Nature and Cultural Diversity | |
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| Evolution and Behavior | |
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| Culture and Behavior | |
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| Cultural Diversity | |
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| Cultural Similarity | |
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| Gender, Genes, and Culture | |
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| Gender Difference | |
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| Independence Versus Connectedness | |
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| Social Dominance | |
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| Aggression | |
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| Sexuality | |
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| Evolution and Gender: Doing What Comes Naturally? | |
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| Gender and Mating Preferences | |
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| Reflections on Evolutionary Psychology | |
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| Gender and Hormones | |
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| Culture and Gender | |
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| Gender Roles Vary with Culture and Time | |
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| Conclusions: Biology and Culture | |
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| How Nice People Get Corrupted | |
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| Asch's Studies of Conformity | |
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| Milgram's Obedience Experiments | |
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| What Breeds Obedience? | |
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| Institutional Authority | |
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| Reflections on the Classic Studies | |
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| Behavior and Attitudes | |
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| The Power of the Situation | |
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| The Fundamental Attribution Error | |
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| Two Routes to Persuasion | |
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| The Two Routes | |
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| The Elements of Persuasion | |
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| Who Says? The Communicator | |
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| What Is Said? The Message Content | |
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| To Whom Is It Said? The Audience | |
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| The Two Routes to Persuasion in Therapy | |
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| Indoctrination and Inoculation | |
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| Cult Indoctrination | |
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| Attitudes Follow Behavior | |
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| Persuasive Elements | |
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| Group Effects | |
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| Resisting Persuasion: Attitude Inoculation | |
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| Stimulate Commitment | |
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| Real-Life Applications: Inoculation Programs | |
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| Implications | |
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| The Mere Presence of Others | |
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| The Mere Presence of Others | |
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| Crowding: The Presence of Many Others | |
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| Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others? | |
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| Evaluation Apprehension | |
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| Driven by Distraction | |
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| Mere Presence | |
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| Many Hands Make Diminished Responsibility | |
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| Many Hands Make Light Work | |
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| Social Loafing in Everyday Life | |
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| Doing Together What We Would Never Do Alone | |
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| Deindividuation | |
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| Group Size | |
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| Physical Anonymity | |
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| Arousing and Distracting Activities | |
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| Diminished Self-Awareness | |
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| How Groups Intensify Decisions | |
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| The Case of the "Risky Shift" | |
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| Do Groups Intensify Opinions? | |
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| Group Polarization Experiments | |
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| Group Polarization in Everyday Life | |
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| Explaining Group Polarization | |
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| Informational Influence | |
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| Normative Influence | |
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| Groupthink | |
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| Symptoms of Groupthink | |
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| Groupthink in Action | |
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| Preventing Groupthink | |
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| Power to the Person | |
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| Interacting Persons and Situations | |
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| Resisting Social Pressure | |
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| Reactance | |
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| Asserting Uniqueness | |
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| Minority Influence | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Self-Confidence | |
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| Defections from the Majority | |
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| Is Leadership Minority Influence? | |
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| Social Relations | |
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| The Challenge of Diversity | |
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| What Is Prejudice? | |
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| How Pervasive Is Prejudice? | |
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| Racial Prejudice | |
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| Gender Prejudice | |
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| The Roots of Prejudice | |
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| Social Sources of Prejudice | |
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| Unequal Status | |
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| Discrimination's Impact: The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | |
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| Stereotype Threat | |
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| Social Identity | |
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| Ingroup Bias | |
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| Conformity | |
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| Emotional Sources of Prejudice | |
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| Frustration and Aggression: The Scapegoat Theory | |
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| Personality Dynamics | |
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| Cognitive Sources of Prejudice | |
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| Categorization | |
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| Distinctiveness | |
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| Attribution: Is It a Just World? | |
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| The Nature and Nurture of Aggression | |
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| Theories of Aggression | |
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| Is Aggression an Instinct? | |
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| Neural Influences | |
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| Genetic Influences | |
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| Blood Chemistry | |
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| Psychological Influences on Aggression | |
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| Frustration and Aggression | |
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| The Learning of Aggression | |
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| Environmental Influences | |
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| Reducing Aggression | |
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| Catharsis? | |
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| A Social Learning Approach | |
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| Does the Media Influence Social Behavior? | |
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| Pornography and Sexual Violence | |
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| Distorted Perceptions of Sexual Reality | |
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| Aggression Against Women | |
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| Television | |
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| Television's Effects on Behavior | |
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| Media Influences: Video Games | |
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| The Games Kids Play | |
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| Effects of the Games Kids Play | |
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| Who Likes Whom? | |
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| Proximity | |
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| Interaction | |
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| Anticipation of Interaction | |
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| Mere Exposure | |
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| Focus On: Liking Things Associated with Oneself | |
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| Physical Attractiveness | |
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| Attractiveness and Dating | |
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| The Matching Phenomenon | |
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| The Physical-Attractiveness Stereotype | |
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| Who Is Attractive? | |
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| Similarity Versus Complementarity | |
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| Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together? | |
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| Do Opposites Attract? | |
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| Liking Those Who Like Us | |
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| Self-Esteem and Attraction | |
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| Our Need to Belong | |
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| The Ups and Downs of Love | |
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| Passionate Love | |
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| A Theory of Passionate Love | |
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| Variations in Love | |
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| Companionate Love | |
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| Maintaining Close Relationships | |
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| Equity | |
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| Self-Disclosure | |
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| Ending Relationships | |
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| Who Divorces? | |
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| The Detachment Process | |
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| Causes of Conflict | |
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| Social Dilemmas | |
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| The Prisoner's Dilemma | |
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| The Tragedy of the Commons | |
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| Resolving Social Dilemmas | |
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| Competition | |
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| Perceived Injustice | |
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| Misperception | |
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| Mirror-Image Perceptions | |
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| Shifting Perceptions | |
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| Blessed Are the Peacemakers | |
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| Contact | |
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| Does Desegregation Improve Racial Attitudes? | |
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| When Does Desegregation Improve Racial Attitudes? | |
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| Cooperation | |
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| Common External Threats | |
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| Superordinate Goals | |
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| Cooperative Learning | |
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| Communication | |
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| Bargaining | |
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| Mediation | |
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| Arbitration | |
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| Conciliation | |
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| When Do People Help? | |
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| Why Do People Help? | |
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| When Do People Help? | |
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| Number of Bystanders | |
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| Noticing | |
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| Interpreting | |
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| Assuming Responsibility | |
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| Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future | |
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| Enabling Sustainable Living | |
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| New Technologies | |
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| Reducing Consumption | |
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| The Social Psychology of Materialism and Wealth | |
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| Increased Materialism | |
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| Wealth and Well-Being | |
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| Materialism Fails to Satisfy | |
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| Toward Sustainability and Survival | |
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| References | |
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| Credits | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |