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| Preface | |
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| Note to Students | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Brief Contents Boxes by Type | |
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| Resources for Reading and Writing Arguments | |
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| Understanding Argument What Is Argument? | |
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| What Is Rhetoric? | |
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| An Example of Argument “You Also Have the Right to Tell a Bigot What You Think,” | |
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| Discussion of “You Also Have the Right…” Pitts’s Reasoning Other Appeals in Pitts’s Argument Four Criteria of Mature Reasoning Mature Reasoners | |
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| Are Well Informed Mature Reasoners | |
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| Are Self-Critical and Open to Constructive Criticism from Others | |
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| Mature Reasoners Argue with Their Audiences or Readers in Mind Mature Reasoners Know Their Arguments’ Contexts | |
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| What Are the Aims of Argument? | |
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| Arguing to Inquire | |
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| Arguing to Convince | |
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| Arguing to Persuade | |
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| Arguing to Mediate | |
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| A Good Tool for Understanding and Writing Arguments: The Writer’s Notebook Why Keep a Notebook? | |
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| Reading an Argument | |
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| The First Encounter: Seeing the Text in Context Considering the Climate of Opinion Considering the Rhetorical Context | |
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| An Argument for Critical Reading “On Teenagers and Tattoos,” | |
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| The Second Encounter: Reading and Analyzing the Text Wrestling with Difficult Passages | |
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| Unfamiliar Contexts Contrasting Voices and Views Allusions Specialized Vocabulary Missing Persons Passive Voice | |
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| Using Paraphrase to Aid Comprehension Analyzing the Reasoning of an Argument Reading Martin’s Essay Finding Parts | |
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| Using Context Identifying the Claim and Reasons | |
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| The Third Encounter: Responding Critically to an Argument Annotation Is Key Sample Annotations Writing Assignment: A Critical Response to a Single Argument In Part One | |
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| In Part Two Other Advice for Both Parts | |
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| Student Sample Essay: Critical Response to a Single Argument “The Decorated Body,” | |
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| A Sample Student Response: Analysis of “The Decorated Body,” | |
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| Analyzing Arguments: A Simplified Toulmin Method A Preliminary Critical Reading “Rising to the Occasion of Our Death,” | |
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| A Step-by-Step Demonstration of the Toulmin Method Analyzing the Claim Identify the Claim Look for Qualifiers | |
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| Find the Exceptions Summarize the Claim Analyzing the Reasons | |
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| List the Reasons Examine the Reasons | |
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| Analyzing the Evidence | |
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| List the Evidence Examine the Evidence Noting Refutations Summarizing Your Analysis | |
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| Student Sample: An Argument for Analysis “Capital Punishment: Society’s Self-Defense,” | |
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| A Final Note about Logical Analysis | |
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| Reading and Writing about Visual Arguments Understanding Visual Arguments “Reading” Images | |
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| Analysis: Five Common Types of Visual Argument Advertisements Editorial Cartoons Public Sculpture News Photographs Graphics | |
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| The Rise of Renewable Energy,” | |
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| Understanding Kammen’s Graphics Writing Assignments | |
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| Analyzing an Advertisement or Editorial Cartoon Student Sample: Analysis of Visual Rhetoric, “A Mother’s Treat,” | |
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| Analyzing and Creating Posters or Flyers | |
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| Using Visual Rhetoric to Promote Your School | |
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| Analyzing Your Own Visual Rhetoric | |
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| Writing to Convince | |
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| Using Graphics to Supplement Your Own Writing or Other Texts | |
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| Presenting Information Using PowerPoint | |
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| Writing Research-Based Arguments Finding an Issue Understand the Difference between a Topic and an | |