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Preface | |
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To the Student | |
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Foundations of Intercultural Communication | |
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Why Study Intercultural Communication? | |
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The Technological Imperative | |
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Technology and Human Communication | |
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Access to Communication Technology | |
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The Demographic Imperative | |
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Changing U.S. Demographics | |
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Changing Immigration Patterns | |
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The Economic Imperative | |
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The Peace Imperative | |
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The Self-Awareness Imperative | |
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The Ethical Imperative | |
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Relativity Versus Universality | |
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Being Ethical Students of Culture | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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The History of the Study of Intercultural Communication | |
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The Early Development of the Discipline | |
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Nonverbal Communication | |
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Application of Theory | |
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An Emphasis on International Settings | |
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An Interdisciplinary Focus | |
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Perception and Worldview of the Researcher | |
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Three Approaches to Studying Intercultural Communication | |
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The Social Science Approach | |
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The Interpretive Approach | |
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The Critical Approach | |
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A Dialectical Approach to Understanding Culture and Communication | |
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Combining the Three Traditional Paradigms: The Dialectical Approach | |
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Six Dialectics of Intercultural Communication | |
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Keeping a Dialectical Perspective | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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Culture, Communication, Context, and Power | |
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What Is Culture? | |
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Social Science Definitions: Culture as Learned, Group-Related Perceptions | |
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Interpretive Definitions: Culture as Contextual Symbolic Patterns of Meaning | |
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Critical Definitions: Culture as Heterogeneous, Dynamic, and a Contested Zone | |
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What Is Communication? | |
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The Relationship Between Culture and Communication | |
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How Culture Influences Communication | |
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How Communication Reinforces Culture | |
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Communication as Resistance to the Dominant Culture System | |
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The Relationship Between Communication and Context | |
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The Relationship Between Communication and Power | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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History and Intercultural Communication | |
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From History to Histories | |
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Political, Intellectual, and Social Histories | |
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Family Histories | |
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National Histories | |
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Cultural-Group Histories | |
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History, Power, and Intercultural Communication | |
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The Power of Texts | |
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The Power of Other Histories | |
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Power in Intercultural Interactions | |
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History and Identity | |
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Histories as Stories | |
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Nonmainstream Histories | |
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Hidden Histories | |
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Intercultural Communication and History | |
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Antecedents of Contact | |
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The Contact Hypothesis | |
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Negotiating Histories Dialectically in Interaction | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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Intercultural Communication Processes | |
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Identity and Intercultural Communication | |
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Thinking Dialectically About Identity | |
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The Social Science Perspective | |
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The Interpretive Perspective | |
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The Critical Perspective | |
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Identity and Language | |
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Identity Development Issues | |
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Minority Identity Development | |
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Majority Identity Development | |
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Social and Cultural Identities | |
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Gender Identity | |
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Age Identity | |
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Racial and Ethnic Identities | |
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Characteristics of Whiteness | |
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Religious Identity | |
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Class Identity | |
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National Identity | |
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Regional Identity | |
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Personal Identity | |
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Identity, Stereotypes, and Prejudice | |
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Multicultural People | |
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Identity and Communication | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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Language and Intercultural Communication | |
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The Study of Language: Thinking Dialectically | |
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Language Versus Discourse | |
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The Components of Language | |
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Semiotics | |
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Language and Perception | |
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Recent Research Findings | |
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Cultural Variations in Language | |
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Variations in Communication Style | |
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Variations in Contextual Rules | |
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Discourse: Language and Power | |
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Co-Cultural Communication | |
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Discourse and Social Structure | |
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The "Power" Effects of Labels | |
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Moving Between Languages | |
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Multilingualism | |
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Translation and Interpretation | |
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Language and Identity | |
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Language and Cultural Group Identity | |
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Code Switching | |
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Language Politics and Policies | |
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Language and Globalization | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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Nonverbal Codes and Cultural Space | |
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Thinking Dialectically About Nonverbal Communication: Defining Nonverbal Communication | |
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Comparing Verbal and Nonverbal Communication | |
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What Nonverbal Behavior Communicates | |
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The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior | |
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Recent Research Findings | |
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Nonverbal Codes | |
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Cultural Variation or Stereotype? | |
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Semiotics and Nonverbal Communication | |
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Defining Cultural Space | |
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Cultural Identity and Cultural Space | |
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Changing Cultural Space | |
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Postmodern Cultural Spaces | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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Intercultural Communication Applications | |
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Understanding Intercultural Transitions | |
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Thinking Dialectically About Intercultural Transitions | |
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Types of Migrant Groups | |
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Voluntary Migrants | |
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Involuntary Migrants | |
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Migrant-Host Relationships | |
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Assimilation | |
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Separation | |
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Integration | |
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Marginalization | |
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Cultural Hybridity | |
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Cultural Adaptation | |
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Social Science Approach | |
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Interpretive Approach | |
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Critical Approach: Contextual Influences | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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Popular Culture and Intercultural Communication | |
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Learning About Cultures Without Personal Experience | |
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The Power of Popular Culture | |
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What Is Popular Culture? | |
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Consuming and Resisting Popular Culture | |
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Consuming Popular Culture | |
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Resisting Popular Culture | |
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Representing Cultural Groups | |
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Migrants' Perceptions of Mainstream Culture | |
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Popular Culture and Stereotyping | |
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U.S. Popular Culture and Power | |
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Global Circulation of Images and Commodities | |
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Cultural Imperialism | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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Culture, Communication, and Intercultural Relationships | |
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Thinking Dialectically About Intercultural Relationships | |
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Personal-Contextual Dialectic | |
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Differences-Similarities Dialectic | |
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Cultural-Individual Dialectic | |
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Privilege-Disadvantage Dialectic | |
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Static-Dynamic Dialectic | |
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History/Past-Present/Future Dialectic | |
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Benefits and Challenges of Intercultural Relationships | |
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Benefits | |
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Challenges | |
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Intercultural Relationships | |
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Social Science Approach: Cross-Cultural Differences | |
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Interpretive Approach: Communicating in Intercultural Relationships | |
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Critical Approach: Contextual Influences | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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Culture, Communication, and Conflict | |
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Characteristics of Intercultural Conflict | |
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Two Orientations to Conflict | |
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Conflict as Opportunity | |
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Conflict as Destructive | |
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Cultural Differences in Conflict Views: A Dialectical Perspective | |
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The Social Science Approach to Conflict | |
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Types of Conflict | |
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Strategies and Tactics for Dealing With Conflict | |
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Gender, Ethnicity, and Conflict | |
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Value Differences and Conflict Styles | |
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Interpretive and Critical Approaches to Social Conflict | |
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Social Contexts | |
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Economic Contexts | |
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Historical and Political Contexts | |
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Managing Intercultural Conflict | |
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Productive Versus Destructive Conflict | |
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Competition Versus Cooperation | |
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Dealing With Conflict | |
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Mediation | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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The Outlook for Intercultural Communication | |
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The Components of Competence | |
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Individual Components | |
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Contextual Components | |
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Applying Knowledge About Intercultural Communication | |
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Entering Into Dialogue | |
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Becoming Interpersonal Allies | |
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Building Coalitions | |
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Social Justice and Transformation | |
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Forgiveness | |
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What the Future Holds | |
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Summary | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Activities | |
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Key Words | |
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References | |
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Credits | |
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Name Index | |
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Subject Index | |