Preface to the Instructor Preface to the Student: Every Story Tells a Story that Has Already Been Told PART I. READING LITERATURE: THE BIG PICTURE CHAPTER 1. TELLING AND RETELLING STORIES READING AND INTERPRETATION The Influence of Culture: Three Tellings of "Cinderella" Disney, "Cinderella" Grimm, "Cinderella" Chinese story of Cinderella, "Yeh-hsien" The Influence of Time The Importance of Perspective Riddling: Multiple Perspectives Atwood, "you fit into me" Plath, "Metaphors" (exercise) Parody: Arnold''s "Dover Beach" and Hecht''s "The Dover Bitch" READING CRITICALLY AND THINKING CRITICALLY: WHAT VERSUS HOW AND WHY Atwood, "Happy Endings" CHAPTER 2. READING ACROSS GENRES: THE ELEMENTS… OF LITERATURE TELLING THE TALE: THE ROLE OF THE SPEAKER Browning, "Porphyria’s Lover" GETTING TO KNOW THE PEOPLE: CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION Silko, "Yellow Woman" TIME AND PLACE: LOOKING AT SETTING The Physical Setting Glaspell, Trifles The Temporal Setting Retelling Time and Place Cultural Setting APPEALS TO THE SENSES: SOUND AND VISUAL IMAGERY Sound and Sense Frost, "Stopping by Woods" Sight and Sense Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 and Snodgrass, two retellings of Shakespeare''s Sonnet 73 (exercise) THE READER"S ROLE: THE IMPORTANCE OF AUDIENCE Differing World Views Finding the Evidence Roethke, "My Papa''s Waltz" PART II. READING DIFFERENT GENRES CHAPTER 3. READING SHORT FICTION Chopin, "The Story of an Hour" ELEMENTS OF FICTION The Narrator/Point of View Plot Character Setting/Atmosphere Theme Fictional Form CHAPTER 4. READING POETRY THE SPEAKER THE LANGUAGE OF POETRY Word Choice cummings, "in Just-" Figurative Language RHYTHM AND RHYME The Beat Goes On: Stress and Sense in Poetry Donne, "Batter My Heart" Dickinson, "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" Donne, "Death, Be Not Proud" (exercise) Traditional Metrical Patterns Rhyme Alliteration and Assonance POETIC STRUCTURE AND GENRE Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 ("That time of year") CHAPTER 5. READING DRAMA Valdez, Los Vendidos ELEMENTS OF DRAMA The Absence of the Narrator Plot and Structure Character Two movie stills for Hamlet Setting and Staging The Audience and Dramatic Irony Theme DRAMATIC CONVENTIONS: THE FOURTH WALL TYPES OF DRAMA Tragedy Comedy Tragicomedy CHAPTER 6. READING NONFICTION AND OTHER NON-LITERARY TEXTS READING ESSAYS Types of Essays The Narrative Essay The Descriptive Essay The Argumentative or Analytical Essay Rapping, "In Praise of Roseanne" Elements of Essays Thesis Tone and Style Structure CRITICAL READING AND NONFICTION: "RETELLING" STORIES OF "FACT" READING OTHER TEXTS Buying a Story: Advertising The New Beetle (graphic) Storytelling in Film and Television Frame from The English Patient Elements of Film and Television Film, Television, and Drama Film and Fiction PART III. WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE CHAPTER 7. WRITING FROM START TO FINISH GETTING READY TO WRITE Keeping a Journal and Freewriting Annotating a Text Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress" Summarizing the Work Playing with Word Associations Asking Reporters'' Questions MOVING TOWARD A THESIS Finding Some Answers Formulating the Thesis Question MOVING TOWARD THE FIRST DRAFT Writing Notes and Questions A Rough Outline Outline/Draft THE PARTS OF THE PAPER: WORKING ON THE INTRODUCTION, BODY, AND CONCLUSION The Introduction The Body Paragraphs: Supplying the Argument and Using Evidence Using Quotations Writing a Conclusion REVISING AND EDITING Revising Editing A Note on Writing with a Word Processor PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Johnson, "''In Thy Marble Vault’: Violence and Coercion in Andrew Marvell''s ''To His Coy Mistress’" (student essay) PART IV. TELLINGS AND RETELLINGS CHAPTER 8. MONSTERS AND HEROES Frontispiece: John Tenniel''s Illustration of "Jabberwocky" Carroll, "Jabberwocky" AN ALBUM OF RETELLINGS: The Modern Monster Oates, "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?"Visual from Smooth Talk Moser, "The Pied Piper of Tucson" Dylan, "It''s All Over Now, Baby Blue" Grien, Death and the Maiden Monstrous Crime Carter, "The Fall River Ax Murders" McGovern and Powers, Three Lyrics from Lizzie Borden (a musical) "The House on the Hill" "Fly Away" "I Cry Alone" "In a New Light" (from The New York Recorder) "Will Go to the Jury To-Day" (from The New York Times) "''Guilty-No! No!"" (from Sunday Post) King, "A WASP Looks at Lizzie Borden" The Borden Home (website for Lizzie Borden Bed and Breakfast and Museum) The Wandering Hero: The Odysseus Story Selections from Homer Tennyson, "Ulysses" Cavafy, "Ithaka" Howard, "Ithaca: The Palace at 4 a.m." Parker, "Penelope" Pastan, "Rereading The Odyssey in Middle Age" Dickey (William), "Telemachus" Glück, "Telemachus" Fantasy" A Brief Introduction to Shakespeare''s Theater Blurring the Line: The Tempest Shakespeare, The Tempest Poster for Forbidden Planet Condon, "The Usurped Turns Usurper" (student writing) Goto, "Miranda Cries . . ." Greger, "Miranda on the British Isles" Hecht (Roger), "Ferdinand to Prospero at Milan" Césaire, A Tempest "Enchanted Island" FURTHER REFLECTIONS: A Collection of Works on the Theme of Monsters and Heroes Poetry Browning, "My Last Duchess" Cummings, "Buffalo Bill''s" Housman, "To An Athlete Dying Young" Keats, "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" Plath, "Daddy" Short Stories Atwood, "Rape Fantasies" Marquez, "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" O''Connor, "A Good Man Is Hard To Find" Poe, "The Tell-Tale Heart" Updike, "A&P" Essays Engle, "What Makes Superman So Darned American?" MAKING CONNECTIONS: Chapter Questions on the Theme of Monsters and Heroes CHAPTER 9. LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP Frontispiece: Gerôme''s Pygmalion and Galatea Petrarch, Sonnet 130 Shakespeare, Sonnet 126 (My Mistress''s Eyes) Hayden, "Those Winter Sundays" AN ALBUM OF RETELLINGS In Praise of the Beloved Shakespeare, "Shall I Compare Thee" Moss, "Shall I Compare Thee" The Wooing Game Marlowe, "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" Raleigh, "The Nymph''s Reply to the Shepherd" Donne, "The Bait" C. Day Lewis, "Song" Williams, "Raleigh Was Right" Nash, "Love under the Republicans (or Democrats)" Love and Marriage Li Po, "Song from Chang-Kan" Pound, "The River Merchant''s Wife: A Letter" Hirsch, "The River Merchant" A Question of Fidelity Chekhov, "The Lady with the Pet Dog" Oates, "The Lady with the Pet Dog" Charamuga, on "The Two Worlds of Gurov" (student writing) Bringing Up the Past Carver, "Cathedral" Gallagher, "Rain Flooding Your Campfire" Gallagher, "The Harvest" (excerpt) The Family and Beyond: The Story of Ruth Hebrew Ruth story Piercy, "The Book of Ruth and Naomi" Rothschild, "Growing Up and Older with Ruth" Immortal Love Plate of the Cluny La Vue (Sight) tapestry (from The Lady and the Unicorn series) Sarton, "The Lady and the Unicorn: The Cluny Tapestries" The Unicorn in Captivity Lindbergh, "The Unicorn in Captivity" Thurber, "The Unicorn in the Garden" FURTHER REFLECTIONS: A Collection of Works on the Theme of Love and Friendship Poetry Blake, "The Sick Rose" Ginsberg, "Supermarket in California" Giovanni, "Woman" Hughes, "Mother to Son" Liu, "My Father''s Martial Art" Mirikitani, "Desert Flowers" Mora, "Borders" Piercy, "A Work of Artifice" Song, "The Youngest Daughter" S